ArticlePhotochemistry and photobiology2019
Redshifted and Near-infrared Active Analog Pigments Based upon Archaerhodopsin-3.
Article in Photochemistry and photobiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rhodopsin charge diffusion computations disclose contrasting color-tuning mechanisms.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Merocyanines form bacteriorhodopsins with strongly bathochromic absorption maxima.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2024Article
- Genomic and transcriptomic dissection of Theionarchaea in marine ecosystem.Science China. Life sciences · 2022Article
- Rhodopsins: An Excitingly Versatile Protein Species for Research, Development and Creative Engineering.Frontiers in chemistry · 2022Review
- Photoactivation of Cell-Free Expressed Archaerhodopsin-3 in a Model Cell Membrane.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Exploring the Retinal Binding Cavity of Archaerhodopsin-3 by Replacing the Retinal Chromophore With a Dimethyl Phenylated Derivative.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Article
- Novel Modular Rhodopsins from Green Algae Hold Great Potential for Cellular Optogenetic Modulation Across the Biological Model Systems.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Genomic and transcriptomic evidence of light-sensing, porphyrin biosynthesis, Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle, and urea production in Bathyarchaeota.Microbiome · 2020Article
- Analog Retinal Redshifts Visible Absorption of QuasAr Transmembrane Voltage Sensors into Near-infrared.Photochemistry and photobiology · 2020Article
- Photoreaction Dynamics of Red-Shifting Retinal Analogues Reconstituted in Proteorhodopsin.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Archaerhodopsin-3 (AR3) is a member of the microbial rhodopsin family of hepta-helical transmembrane proteins, containing a covalently bound molecule of all-trans retinal as a chromophore. It displays an absorbance band in the visible region of the solar spectrum (λmax 556 nm) and functions as a light-driven proton pump in the archaeon Halorubrum sodomense. AR3 and its mutants are widely used in neuroscience as optogenetic neural silencers and in particular as fluorescent indicators of transmembrane potential. In this study, we investigated the effect of analogs of the native ligand all-trans retinal A1 on the spectral properties and proton-pumping activity of AR3 and its single mutant AR3 (F229S). While, surprisingly, the 3-methoxyretinal A2 analog did not redshift the absorbance maximum of AR3, the analogs retinal A2 and 3-methylamino-16-nor-1,2,3,4-didehydroretinal (MMAR) did generate active redshifted AR3 pigments. The MMAR analog pigments could even be activated by near-infrared light. Furthermore, the MMAR pigments showed strongly enhanced fluorescence with an emission band in the near-infrared peaking around 815 nm. We anticipate that the AR3 pigments generated in this study have widespread potential for near-infrared exploitation as fluorescent voltage-gated sensors in optogenetics and artificial leafs and as proton pumps in bioenergy-based applications.
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