ArticleClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2019
Comparison of smartphone ophthalmoscopy vs conventional direct ophthalmoscopy as a teaching tool for medical students: the COSMOS study.
Article in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Eyesi direct ophthalmoscope simulator: an effective training tool for medical undergraduates.BMC medical education · 2024Trial
- Smartphone ophthalmoscope as a tool in teaching direct ophthalmoscopy: a crossover randomized controlled trial.Medical education online · 2023Trial
- Fundoscopy use in neurology departments and the utility of smartphone photography: a prospective prevalence and crossover diagnostic accuracy study amongst neurology inpatients.European journal of neurology · 2022Trial
- Enriching traditional didactic teaching in undergraduate ophthalmology with lateral thinking method: a prospective study.BMC medical education · 2022Trial
- Perceived usefulness and ease of use of fundoscopy by medical students: a randomised crossover trial of six technologies (eFOCUS 1).BMC medical education · 2021Trial
- Application of smartphone ophthalmoscope in ophthalmic clinical practice and teaching.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Needs assessment for direct ophthalmoscopy training in neurology residency.BMC medical education · 2024Article
- Comparing the Diagnostic Utility of Conventional Direct Ophthalmoscopy with Smartphone Ophthalmoscopy among Medical Students.Journal of academic ophthalmology (2017) · 2023Article
- Article
- Prospective evaluation of medical student accuracy conducting direct ophthalmoscopy with an unmodified iPhone X.International ophthalmology · 2022Article
- [Smartphone-based fundus imaging: applications and adapters].Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft · 2022Review
- Medical Student Attitudes Toward the Use of Peer Physical Exam for Learning Fundoscopy.Journal of academic ophthalmology (2017) · 2022Article
- Imaging Modalities Employed in Diabetic Retinopathy Screening: A Review and Meta-Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Comparison of conventional and wide field direct ophthalmoscopy on medical students' self-confidence for fundus examination: a 1-year follow-up.BMC medical education · 2021Article
- The Role of Telemedicine, In-Home Testing and Artificial Intelligence to Alleviate an Increasingly Burdened Healthcare System: Diabetic Retinopathy.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2021Review
- Smartphone Compatible versus Conventional Ophthalmoscope: A Randomized Crossover Educational Trial.Journal of academic ophthalmology (2017) · 2021Article
- Learning curve evaluation upskilling retinal imaging using smartphones.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Digital ophthalmoscopy: through a non-specialist lens.Future healthcare journal · 2021Review
- Clinically useful smartphone ophthalmic imaging techniques.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2021Review
- Teaching Smartphone Funduscopy with 20 Diopter Lens in Undergraduate Medical Education.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo investigate the utility of smartphone ophthalmology for medical students for learning fundoscopy compared with direct ophthalmoscopy.
methodsAfter 1 hour of didactic instruction on ophthalmoscopy, second-year medical students in a small group setting were randomized to start training with the direct ophthalmoscope vs smartphone ophthalmoscope and crossed over to the other instrument through the session.
main outcome measuresAbility to visualize the optic nerve and retinal blood vessels in an undilated pupil as well as a survey evaluating ease of use, confidence, and ability to visualize the optic nerve with the two instruments.
resultsOne hundred and one medical students participated. Significantly more medical students were able to visualize the optic nerve with the smartphone ophthalmoscope vs the direct ophthalmoscope in an undilated pupil (82.3% vs 48.5%,
conclusionSmartphone ophthalmoscopy may serve as a useful adjunctive tool to teach direct ophthalmoscopy as well as being an alternative for examining the fundus for noneye care physicians.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.