ArticlePediatrics2019
Maternal Smoking Before and During Pregnancy and the Risk of Sudden Unexpected Infant Death.
Article in Pediatrics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 183 citations in OpenAlex.
- Contingency management interventions for abstinence from cigarette smoking in pregnancy and postpartum: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Preventive medicine · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review of the burden and risk factors of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in Africa.Journal of global health · 2021Pooled it
- Predictors of Quit Attempts and Successful Smoking Abstinence in Pregnancy: An Exploratory Analysis of a Pooled Clinical Trial Dataset.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Trial
- Pilot randomized clinical trial examining use of very low nicotine content cigarettes during pregnancy in the United States.Preventive medicine · 2025Trial
- Vitamin C supplementation to pregnant smokers alters asthma- and allergy-associated CpGs in child buccal DNA at 5 years of age.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Trial
- Development and Validation of a Novel Placental DNA Methylation Biomarker of Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy in the ECHO Program.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Trial
- High Rates of Hookah Use in Pregnancy and Preconception: Prevalence and Correlates of an Often-Overlooked Tobacco Product.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2026Article
- Tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy: a cross-sectional study in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia.BMC public health · 2026Article
- The Association Between Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Admission Among Full-Term Infants: A Finnish National Cohort Study.Clinical epidemiology · 2026Article
- Associations between maternal smoking around birth and hepatocellular carcinoma: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study in East Asian populations.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- How AI can be used to promote public and population health.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Examining rural disparities in cigarette smoking among U.S. women by chronological age: 2002-2022.Preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Reducing the risk of sudden unexpected infant death: the caffeine hypothesis.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Review
- Observational
- Rural-Urban Disparities in Perinatal Smoking in the United States: Trends and Determinants.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Characteristics Associated with Sudden Unexpected Infant Death in a Rural Hispanic Population: A Case-Control Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Integrating Infant Safe Sleep and Breastfeeding Education Into an App in a Novel Approach to Reaching High-Risk Populations: Prospective Observational Study.JMIR pediatrics and parenting · 2025Article
- Serotonergic receptor binding in the brainstem in the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome in a high-risk population.PloS one · 2025Article
- Association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and learning disabilities in children and adolescents: A propensity score matching analysis.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesMaternal smoking during pregnancy is an established risk factor for sudden unexpected infant death (SUID). Here, we aim to investigate the effects of maternal prepregnancy smoking, reduction during pregnancy, and smoking during pregnancy on SUID rates.
methodsWe analyzed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Birth Cohort Linked Birth/Infant Death Data Set (2007-2011: 20 685 463 births and 19 127 SUIDs). SUID was defined as deaths at <1 year of age with
resultsSUID risk more than doubled (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.31-2.57) with any maternal smoking during pregnancy and increased twofold between no smoking and smoking 1 cigarette daily throughout pregnancy. For 1 to 20 cigarettes per day, the probability of SUID increased linearly, with each additional cigarette smoked per day increasing the odds by 0.07 from 1 to 20 cigarettes; beyond 20 cigarettes, the relationship plateaued. Mothers who quit or reduced their smoking decreased their odds compared with those who continued smoking (reduced: aOR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.79-0.98; quit: aOR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.67-0.87). If we assume causality, 22% of SUIDs in the United States can be directly attributed to maternal smoking during pregnancy.
conclusionsThese data support the need for smoking cessation before pregnancy. If no women smoked in pregnancy, SUID rates in the United States could be reduced substantially.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.