ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2019
Toddlers and infants expect individuals to refrain from helping an ingroup victim's aggressor.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Toddlers expect ingroup loyalty to override personal preferences when outgroups are present.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Eleven-Month-Old Infants Preferentially Look at Helpers But Do Not Reliably Evaluate Inconsistent Actors.Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science · 2026Article
- The Cognitive Architecture of Infant Attachment.Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2025Review
- Article
- Infants expect some degree of positive and negative reciprocity between strangers.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Infants Infer Social Relationships Between Individuals Who Engage in Imitative Social Interactions.Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science · 2024Article
- Infants infer third-party social dominance relationships based on visual access to intergroup conflict.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Infants infer potential social partners by observing the interactions of their parent with unknown others.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- The sense of belonging reduces ingroup favoritism in children.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Young Children's Conceptualisations of Kindness: A Thematic Analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Toddlers draw broad negative inferences from wrongdoers' moral violations.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Tracking multiple perspectives: Spontaneous computation of what individuals in high entitative groups see.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2021Article
- The neurodevelopment of social preferences in early childhood.Current opinion in neurobiology · 2021Review
- The Development of Social Categorization.Annual review of developmental psychology · 2019Article
- Infants expect leaders to right wrongs.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Adults and older children are more likely to punish a wrongdoer for a moral transgression when the victim belongs to their group. Building on these results, in violation-of-expectation experiments (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.