ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2019
Biological Toxins as the Potential Tools for Bioterrorism.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 154 citations in OpenAlex.
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with bioterrorism preparedness in healthcare workers: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Development and Challenges of Food Contaminant Removal Technologies: Molecular Imprinting Technology as an Emerging Solution.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Virulence, antimicrobial resistance, and mobile genetic elements profile ofOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Analytical Performance of Nanobody-Based Immunoassay and Immunosensing Platforms for Bacteria and Toxin Detection: A Systematic Review.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Ricin as a Biothreat Agent: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Toxicology, Forensic Aspects, and Risk Mitigation.BioMed research international · 2026Review
- A cell differentiation landscape for monocyte and interstitial macrophage in the lung with diffuse alveolar damage.Protein & cell · 2026Article
- Article
- Polyclonal antibodies towards abrin and ricin-design and potential application for mass spectrometry-based analysis of human biosamples.Archives of toxicology · 2025Article
- Promising impacts ofBiochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Review
- Unraveling Botulinum Neurotoxin A Light-Chain-Induced Signaling Pathways: A Phosphoproteomic Analysis in a Controlled Cellular Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Development and Functional Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies for Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Establishment and Comparison of Detection Methods for Ricin and Abrin Based on Their Depurination Activities.Toxins · 2025Article
- From pandemics to preparedness: harnessing AI, CRISPR, and synthetic biology to counter biosecurity threats.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- Antibody-based alternatives to animal testing for toxin detection and antitoxin evaluation.Frontiers in toxicology · 2025Review
- Design of a public health emergency equipment modularized system for bioterrorism events in major public places based on scenario analysis, literature review, cluster analysis, and Delphi consultation.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- Audit of preparedness of selected military hospital in the face of biological threats: action research study.International journal of emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Neutralizing chimeric heavy-chain antibody targeting the L-HN domain of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type F.Archives of toxicology · 2024Article
- Mass Spectrometric Detection and Differentiation of Enzymatically Active Abrin and Ricin Combined with a Novel Affinity Enrichment Technique.Chemical research in toxicology · 2024Article
- Therapeutic Applications of Aptamers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Biological toxins are a heterogeneous group produced by living organisms. One dictionary defines them as "Chemicals produced by living organisms that have toxic properties for another organism". Toxins are very attractive to terrorists for use in acts of bioterrorism. The first reason is that many biological toxins can be obtained very easily. Simple bacterial culturing systems and extraction equipment dedicated to plant toxins are cheap and easily available, and can even be constructed at home. Many toxins affect the nervous systems of mammals by interfering with the transmission of nerve impulses, which gives them their high potential in bioterrorist attacks. Others are responsible for blockage of main cellular metabolism, causing cellular death. Moreover, most toxins act very quickly and are lethal in low doses (LD
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.