ReviewThe British journal of radiology2019
Neuroimaging reward, craving, learning, and cognitive control in substance use disorders: review and implications for treatment.
Review in The British journal of radiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification of common spontaneous brain activity alterations across psychiatric disorders.Translational psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Neuroimaging of the effects of drug exposure or self-administration in rodents: A systematic review.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Are There Neural Overlaps of Reactivity to Illegal Drugs, Tobacco, and Alcohol Cues? With Evidence From ALE and CMA.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- How do substance use disorders compare to other psychiatric conditions on structural brain abnormalities? A cross-disorder meta-analytic comparison using the ENIGMA consortium findings.Human brain mapping · 2022Pooled it
- Common and distinct brain activity associated with risky and ambiguous decision-making.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of Hyperdirect Pathway Theta Burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Inhibitory Control, Craving, and Smoking in Adults With Nicotine Dependence: A Double-Blind, Randomized Crossover Trial.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2023Trial
- Frontal tDCS reduces alcohol relapse rates by increasing connections from left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to addiction networks.Brain stimulationTrial
- Task-related differences in network connectivity and dynamics in people with severe opioid use disorder compared with healthy controls.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Predicting individual differences in digital alcohol intervention effectiveness through multimodal data.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Neural correlates of altered loss aversion in alcohol use disorder: preliminary evidence of sex-related differences from 18F-FDG-PET imaging.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- The virtue of temperance: a neurobiological perspective.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Brain-Behavior Relationships: Neural Mechanisms of Impulsivity and Compulsivity in Neuropsychiatric Disorders.Cognitive and behavioral neurology : official journal of the Society for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology · 2025Review
- High hopes? Precision psychedelic addiction medicine.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- Cognitive Dysfunction in the Addictions (CDiA): protocol for a neuron-to-neighbourhood collaborative research program.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- The Neurocircuitry of Substance Use Disorder, Treatment, and Change: A Resource for Clinical Psychiatrists.The American journal of psychiatry · 2024Review
- Unveiling the link between chronic pain and misuse of opioids and cannabis.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2024Review
- Distinct neurochemical influences on fMRI response polarity in the striatum.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Amphetamine use disorder is associated with striatum hypoactivation during anticipation of loss and reward.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- An electroencephalographic signature predicts craving for methamphetamine.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- A cross-cultural fMRI investigation of cannabis approach bias in individuals with cannabis use disorder.Addictive behaviors reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Substance use disorder is a leading causes of preventable disease and mortality. Drugs of abuse cause molecular and cellular changes in specific brain regions and these neuroplastic changes are thought to play a role in the transition to uncontrolled drug use. Neuroimaging has identified neural substrates associated with problematic substance use and may offer clues to reduce its burden on the patient and society. Here, we provide a narrative review of neuroimaging studies that have examined the structures and circuits associated with reward, cues and craving, learning, and cognitive control in substance use disorders. Most studies use advanced MRI or positron emission tomography (PET). Many studies have focused on the dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area, and the regions where these neurons terminate, such as the striatum and prefrontal cortex. Decreases in dopamine receptors and transmission have been found in chronic users of drugs, alcohol, and nicotine. Recent studies also show evidence of differences in structure and function in substance users relative to controls in brain regions involved in salience evaluation, such as the insula and anterior cingulate cortex. Balancing between reward-related bottom-up and cognitive-control-related top-down processes is discussed in the context of neuromodulation as a potential treatment. Finally, some of the challenges for understanding substance use disorder using neuroimaging methods are discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.