ArticleEClinicalMedicine2019
Effect of marijuana smoking on pulmonary disease in HIV-infected and uninfected men: a longitudinal cohort study.
Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A Mapping Literature Review of Medical Cannabis Clinical Outcomes and Quality of Evidence in Approved Conditions in the USA from 2016 to 2019.Medical cannabis and cannabinoids · 2021Pooled it
- Beyond Cigarettes: Cannabis Co-Use, ART Adherence, and Psychosocial Burden Among People With HIV Enrolled in a Smoking Cessation Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2026Article
- Recreational drug inhalation and socioenvironmental determinants of pulmonary infection in patients with HIV: a hospital-based case control study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Tobacco and Cannabis Co-use by HIV Status Among United States Adults: Results from the 2021-2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Cannabis Use and Self-Reported Bothersome Symptoms in People with HIV.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2025Article
- Something to talk about; crosstalk disruption at the neurovascular unit during HIV infection of the CNS.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2024Article
- Changes in frequency of cannabis use among people with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-methods study to explore the underlying reasons for change.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2023Article
- Immunomodulatory Actions of Cannabinoids: Clinical Correlates and Therapeutic Opportunities for Allergic Inflammation.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2023Review
- HCV cure: an appropriate moment to reduce cannabis use in people living with HIV? (ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH data).AIDS research and therapy · 2022Article
- Self-Reported Cannabis Use and Markers of Inflammation in Men Who Have Sex With Men With and Without HIV.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2021Article
- Acrolein and other toxicant exposures in relation to cardiovascular disease among marijuana and tobacco smokers in a longitudinal cohort of HIV-positive and negative adults.EClinicalMedicine · 2021Article
- Marijuana use and pneumonia risk in a cohort of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men.Annals of epidemiology · 2020Observational
- The Current State of HIV and Aging: Findings Presented at the 10th International Workshop on HIV and Aging.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2020Article
- Periodontal Conditions and Whole Salivary IL-17A and -23 Levels among Young AdultInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Article
- Marijuana Smoking in Men with HIV Infection: A Cause for Concern.EClinicalMedicine · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLung disease is a common comorbidity in people with HIV/AIDS, independent of smoking status. The effects of marijuana smoking on risk of lung disease in HIV-infected individuals are unclear.
methodsIn this prospective cohort study, we quantified lung disease risk among men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), a long-term observational cohort of HIV-infected and uninfected men who have sex with men. Eligible participants were aged ≥30 years with self-reported marijuana and tobacco smoking data from biannual study visits between 1996 and 2014. Pulmonary diagnoses were obtained from self-report and medical records. Analyses were performed using Cox models and Generalized Estimating Equations adjusted for tobacco smoking, CD4 T cell count, and other risk factors.
findings1,630 incident pulmonary diagnoses were reported among 1,352 HIV-seropositive and 1,352 HIV-seronegative eligible participants matched for race and baseline age (53,794 total person-visits, median follow-up 10.5 years). 27% of HIV-infected participants reported daily or weekly marijuana smoking for one or more years in follow-up, compared to 18% of uninfected participants (median 4·0 and 4·5 years daily/weekly use, respectively). HIV-infected participants had an increased likelihood of infectious or non-infectious pulmonary diagnoses compared to uninfected participants (33·2% vs. 21·5%, and 20·6% vs. 17·2%, respectively). Among HIV-infected participants, recent marijuana smoking was associated with increased risk of infectious pulmonary diagnoses and chronic bronchitis independent of tobacco smoking and other risk factors for lung disease (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] 1·43 [1·09-1·86], and 1·54 [1·11-2·13], respectively); these risks were additive in participants smoking both substances. There was no association between marijuana smoking and pulmonary diagnoses in HIV-uninfected participants.
interpretationIn this longitudinal study, long-term marijuana smoking was associated with lung disease independent of tobacco smoking and other risk factors in HIV-infected individuals. These findings could be used to reduce modifiable risks of lung disease in high-risk populations.
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