ArticleBMJ open2019
Associations between effort-reward imbalance and health indicators among school teachers in Chuquisaca, Bolivia: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mediating role of perceived social support in the relationship between unemployment and mental distress among healthcare graduates during the COVID-19 era.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Self-rated health and its related influencing factors among emergency department physicians: a national cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Gender-Specific Aspects of Teachers Regarding Working Behavior and Early Retirement.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Evaluating effort-reward imbalance among nurses in emergency departments: a cross-sectional study in China.BMC psychiatry · 2021Article
- Evaluation of the correlation between effort-reward imbalance and sleep quality among community health workers.BMC health services research · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the association between effort-reward imbalance (ERI) and health indicators among Bolivian school teachers.
designSchool-based cross-sectional study.
settingSixty randomly selected schools from rural (33) and urban (27) schools in Chuquisaca, Bolivia.
participantsA total of 1062 school teachers were invited to participate, of which 597 answered the questionnaire (response 56.2%). EXPOSURE MEASURE: Psychosocial factors at work were explored through the short version of the Effort-Reward Questionnaire. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Health outcomes included self-rated overall health, mental distress (12-item General Health Questionnaire ≥5) and the 7-day prevalence of low back pain (LBP) as well as neck or shoulder pain (Nordic Questionnaire). Crude and adjusted ORs and their 95% CIs for each health outcome were calculated using logistic regression models.
resultsThe median value for the effort-reward ratio was 0.91 (range: 0.3-2.3) with higher values for teachers from rural versus urban schools. Overall, about 43% of the teachers reported their overall health as fair or poor; 45% suffered mental distress, 17% reported LBP and 29% neck or shoulder pain. Prevalences were higher for teachers employed at rural schools compared with those at urban schools. After adjusting for potential confounders and school location, ERI was statistically significantly associated with fair/poor self-rated health (adjusted OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.9); mental distress (1.9; 95% CI 1.2 to 3.1) and LBP (2.3; 95% CI 1.3 to 4.1).
conclusionOur results indicate the urgent need to improve psychosocial working conditions among Bolivian school teachers, in order to promote their health and well-being.
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