ReviewCurrent opinion in psychology2019
Excessive discounting of delayed reinforcers as a trans-disease process: Update on the state of the science.
Review in Current opinion in psychology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of test-retest reliability and stability of delay and probability discounting.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2024Pooled it
- Delay discounting and narcissism: A meta-analysis with implications for narcissistic personality disorder.Personality disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Deprivation Has Inconsistent Effects on Delay Discounting: A Review.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Delay discounting of different outcomes: Review and theory.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2020Pooled it
- Leveraging the cigarette purchase task to understand relationships between cumulative vulnerabilities, the relative reinforcing effects of smoking, and response to reduced nicotine content cigarettes.Preventive medicine · 2022Trial
- Initial evaluation of domain-specific episodic future thinking on delay discounting and cannabis use.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- The catecholamine precursor Tyrosine reduces autonomic arousal and decreases decision thresholds in reinforcement learning and temporal discounting.PLoS computational biology · 2022Trial
- Effects of episodic future thinking on reinforcement pathology during smoking cessation treatment among individuals with substance use disorders.Psychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- A web-based episodic specificity and future thinking session modulates delay discounting in cannabis users.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2020Trial
- Alcohol demand moderates brief motivational intervention outcomes in underage young adult drinkers.Addictive behaviors · 2019Trial
- Effects of simulated and real opioid withdrawal on delay discounting for opioids and money in people who use fentanyl daily.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Dissociating the relationship between time perception and decisions to delay gratification.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2026Article
- Central and Bridge Symptoms of Internet Gaming Disorder, Social Jet Lag, and Insomnia Among College Students: Cross-Sectional Network Analysis.JMIR serious games · 2026Article
- Combined maternal separation and limited bedding-nesting increase goal tracking, delay discounting, and impulsive action, and moderate sign-tracking-perseverance associations in male rats.BMC neuroscience · 2026Article
- Gamified Assessment of Cognitive Impulsivity in Eating Disorders and Mental Ill-Health: Mixed Methods Study Incorporating Lived Experience Co-Design and Evaluation.JMIR serious games · 2026Article
- Delay discounting correlates with depression but does not predict relapse after antidepressant discontinuation.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Context-dependent asymmetries in intertemporal decision-making: a comparative study of substance use disorder and control groups.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2026Article
- The relationship between executive functions, decision-making, and changes in symptoms of gambling disorder in online sports bettors.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Effects of visual exposure to natural (vs. Built) environments on delay discounting and demand for substances: Preliminary evidence and future directions.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Associations Between Steep Delay Discounting and Punishment Learning.Computational psychiatry (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Delay discounting, or the process by which reinforcers lose value with delay to their receipt, has been identified as a trans-disease process underlying addiction, other disorders, and maladaptive health behaviors. Delay discounting has been identified as an endophenotype for multiple psychiatric disorders including substance use disorder, ADHD, and major depressive disorder, with this endophenotype being linked to deficits in dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission. In addition, neuroanatomical and neurophysiological deficits in areas of the executive and impulsive systems have been associated with both steeper discounting and substance use disorders. Delay discounting constitutes a novel target for interventions to change health behaviors. A new theory, termed reinforcer pathology, has been developed uniting these findings and setting the stage for future research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.