ArticleJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry2019
Recurrence Risk of Autism in Siblings and Cousins: A Multinational, Population-Based Study.
Article in Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identifying the risk factors of autism spectrum disorders in infants born preterm: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Exposure to heavy metals in utero and autism spectrum disorder at age 3: a meta-analysis of two longitudinal cohorts of siblings of children with autism.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2024Pooled it
- Exploring Parental Factors in Autism Spectrum Disorder Risk: A Case-Control Study.Maternal and child health journal · 2026Article
- Article
- The stability of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 in children aged 14-36 months with elevated likelihood for autism.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Theta Power at 10 Months of Age Predicts Developmental Change in Language in Infants With and Without an Elevated Likelihood for Autism.Developmental science · 2026Article
- Autistic Adults and Loved Ones' Experiences of a Later Life Diagnosis.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Investigating the Predictive Validity of the Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 in Children at Elevated Likelihood for Autism.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Genomic Era: A Comprehensive Review of Etiology, Precision Diagnostics, Clinical Outcomes, and Emerging Gene-Editing Therapies.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Review
- Ambiguities faced by parents who received a genetic diagnosis for autistic offspring with intellectual disabilities.Journal of community genetics · 2025Article
- EEG neurosubtyping of infants predicts language trajectories.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Article
- Functional Connectivity in the Social Perception Pathway at Birth Is Linked to Attention to Faces at Four Months.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- Valproate-Induced Autism and Sexual Hormone Disturbances: A Literature Review and Hypotheses.Neurochemical research · 2025Review
- Acceptability and safety of a probiotic beverage supplementation (Bio-K +) and feasibility of the proposed protocol in children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2025Article
- The Possible Role of Postnatal Biphasic Dysregulation of IGF-1 Tone in the Etiology of Idiopathic Autism Spectrum Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A Direct Comparison of Three Screening Methods for Autism Spectrum Disorder in a High-Likelihood Sibling Population.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Psychosocial Functioning for Preschool-Aged Siblings of Children With Chronic Disorders: A Scoping Review.Child: care, health and development · 2025Article
- Impact of Receiving Genetic Diagnoses on Parents' Perceptions of Their Children with Autism and Intellectual Disability.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Transcranial photobiomodulation for reducing symptoms of autism spectrum disorder and modulating brain electrophysiology in children aged 2-7: an open label study.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Exploring the effect of diet programs on the behavior of Sudanese children with autism and the prevalence and association of gastrointestinal symptoms: a multi-center cross-sectional study.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 10 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveFamilial recurrence risk is an important population-level measure of the combined genetic and shared familial liability of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Objectives were to estimate ASD recurrence risk among siblings and cousins by varying degree of relatedness and by sex.
methodThis is a population-based cohort study of livebirths from 1998 to 2007 in California, Denmark, Finland, Israel, Sweden and Western Australia followed through 2011 to 2015. Subjects were monitored for an ASD diagnosis in their older siblings or cousins (exposure) and for their ASD diagnosis (outcome). The relative recurrence risk was estimated for different sibling and cousin pairs, for each site separately and combined, and by sex.
resultsDuring follow-up, 29,998 cases of ASD were observed among the 2,551,918 births used to estimate recurrence in ASD and 33,769 cases of childhood autism (CA) were observed among the 6,110,942 births used to estimate CA recurrence. Compared with the risk in unaffected families, there was an 8.4-fold increase in the risk of ASD following an older sibling with ASD and a 17.4-fold increase in the risk of CA following an older sibling with CA. A 2-fold increase in the risk for cousin recurrence was observed for the 2 disorders. There also was a significant difference in sibling ASD recurrence risk by sex.
conclusionThe present estimates of relative recurrence risks for ASD and CA will assist clinicians and families in understanding autism risk in the context of other families in their population. The observed variation by sex underlines the need to deepen the understanding of factors influencing ASD familial risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.