ArticleProstate cancer and prostatic diseases2019
SPINK1 expression is enriched in African American prostate cancer but is not associated with altered immune infiltration or oncologic outcomes post-prostatectomy.
Article in Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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9 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- HLA Class I Expression Is Associated with Increased Immune Cell Density and PTEN Loss in Prostate Cancer.Molecular cancer research : MCR · 2026Article
- Frequent CHD1 deletions in prostate cancers of African American men is associated with rapid disease progression.NPJ precision oncology · 2024Article
- Increased frequency of CHD1 deletions in prostate cancers of African American men is associated with rapid disease progression without inducing homologous recombination deficiency.Research square · 2024Article
- An integrative proteomics approach identifies tyrosine kinase KIT as a therapeutic target for SPINK1-positive prostate cancer.iScience · 2024Article
- Comparative analysis of 1152 African-American and European-American men with prostate cancer identifies distinct genomic and immunological differences.Communications biology · 2021Article
- Functional Roles of SPINK1 in Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Integrative comparison of the genomic and transcriptomic landscape between prostate cancer patients of predominantly African or European genetic ancestry.PLoS genetics · 2020Article
- Androgen deprivation upregulates SPINK1 expression and potentiates cellular plasticity in prostate cancer.Nature communications · 2020Article
- Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Prostate Cancer Development: Therapeutic Implications.Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe SPINK1 molecular subtype is more common in African-American (AA) men with prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa) than European Americans (EA). Studies have suggested that SPINK1 expression is associated with more aggressive disease. However, the size, follow-up, and racial diversity of prior patient cohorts have limited our understanding of SPINK1 expression in AA men. The objective was to determine the associations between SPINK1 subtype, race, and oncologic outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP).
methodsA total of 186 AA and 206 EA men who underwent RP were matched according to pathologic grade. We examined SPINK1 status by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays using a genetically validated assay. Cox proportional hazard analyses assessed the association of SPINK1 status with oncologic outcomes in race-specific multivariate models. A second objective was to determine the correlation between CD3/CD8 T cell densities with SPINK1 status and race, using immunostaining and automated image analysis.
resultsSPINK1-positive subtype was present in 25% (45/186) of AA and 15% (30/206) of EA men (p = 0.013). There were no differences in pathologic grade, pathologic stage, biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival, or metastasis-free survival between SPINK1-positive and SPINK1-negative tumors in the overall cohort or by race. In multivariate analyses, SPINK1 expression was not associated with BCR (AA: HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.56-1.75, p = 0.976; EA: HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.43-1.77, p = 0.720) or metastasis (AA: HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.25-2.49, p = 0.691; EA: HR 1.55, 95% CI 0.58-4.11, p = 0.381) in either AA or EA men. There were no significant differences in surrounding CD3/CD8 lymphocyte densities between SPINK1-positive and SPINK1-negative tumors in either race.
conclusionsSPINK1-positive subtype is more prevalent in AA than EA men with PCa. Contrary to previous studies, we found that SPINK1 protein expression was not associated with worse pathologic or oncologic outcomes after RP in either AA men or EA men.
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