ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2019
Regulation of T cell expansion by antigen presentation dynamics.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Controlling timing and location in vaccines.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Pooled it
- The Ratio of Immunogenicity: A quantitative metric to identify highly immunogenic protein antigens to improve tissue-engineered biomaterials.Biomaterials · 2026Article
- The SATvac model of CD8+ T cell expansion and contraction phases considering memory and effector cell differentiation.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- AZD5582 robustly reactivates latently infected cells and clears the majority of those reactivated from the SIV reservoir.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Rewiring the immune circuit: programming tumor-draining lymph node immunity with nanotechnology.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Benchmarking the prediction of responding cells to perturbations affecting both gene expression and cellular abundance using scRNA sequencing.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Clinical trial simulation of antiviral drugs.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Design principles of the cytotoxic CD8Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- replicateFest: an R package and shiny app for analysis of T cell receptor repertoire data from the functional expansion.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- T cell decision-making decodes the dynamic antigenic landscape.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mild HIV-specific selective forces overlaying natural CD4+ T cell dynamics explain the clonality and decay dynamics of HIV reservoir cells.Cell systems · 2025Article
- Design principles of the cytotoxic CD8ArXiv · 2025Article
- Design principles of the cytotoxic CD8bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Dynamical model and geometric insights in the discontinuity theory of immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Pyruvate kinase M2 activation reprograms mitochondria in CD8 T cells, enhancing effector functions and efficacy of anti-PD1 therapy.Cell metabolism · 2025Article
- Generation of T cell responses against broad KRAS hotspot neoantigens for cell therapy or TCR discovery.Cell reports methods · 2025Article
- EngineeringVaccines · 2024Review
- Reprogramming of breast tumor-associated macrophages with modulation of arginine metabolism.Life science alliance · 2024Article
- Two-dose priming immunization amplifies humoral immunity by synchronizing vaccine delivery with the germinal center response.Science immunology · 2024Article
- First-in-human dose escalation trial to evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of an anti-MAGEA1 autologous TCR-transgenic T cell therapy in relapsed and refractory solid tumors.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
An essential feature of the adaptive immune system is the proliferation of antigen-specific lymphocytes during an immune reaction to form a large pool of effector cells. This proliferation must be regulated to ensure an effective response to infection while avoiding immunopathology. Recent experiments in mice have demonstrated that the expansion of a specific clone of T cells in response to cognate antigen obeys a striking inverse power law with respect to the initial number of T cells. Here, we show that such a relationship arises naturally from a model in which T cell expansion is limited by decaying levels of presented antigen. The same model also accounts for the observed dependence of T cell expansion on affinity for antigen and on the kinetics of antigen administration. Extending the model to address expansion of multiple T cell clones competing for antigen, we find that higher-affinity clones can suppress the proliferation of lower-affinity clones, thereby promoting the specificity of the response. Using the model to derive optimal vaccination protocols, we find that exponentially increasing antigen doses can achieve a nearly optimized response. We thus conclude that the dynamics of presented antigen is a key regulator of both the size and specificity of the adaptive immune response.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.