ArticleImmunity2019
Microglial Function Is Distinct in Different Anatomical Locations during Retinal Homeostasis and Degeneration.
Article in Immunity, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 300 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
300 citing papers in PubMed, 454 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inflammatory Markers and Disease Progression in Moderate-Stage Retinitis Pigmentosa: Longitudinal Analysis from the Retinitis Pigmentosa Progression and Inflammatory Marker Registry Study.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Interpreting Hyperreflective Foci in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Critical Review of Cell Origins, Evolving Terminology and Clinical Utility.Clinical & experimental ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Cross-species characterisation of microglial morphology and proliferation during ageing.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Spatial multi-omics unveils sphingolipid metabolic reprogramming within the retinal pathological niche.iMeta · 2026Article
- Infection control in the brain and the eye.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Review
- Stage-Associated Microglial Subpopulations and Dynamics in Vascular Pathogenesis of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy.Cell proliferation · 2026Article
- Ocular immune homeostasis-mechanisms of precise regulation through coordination of the eye, visual system and beyond: a narrative review.Annals of eye science · 2026Article
- Infiltrating Monocyte Fate Switch in Retinal Degeneration: From Early Pathology to Late Homeostasis.Research square · 2026Article
- Single-cell and spatial analyses reveal endothelial-macrophage inflammatory crosstalk in dry age-related macular degeneration.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Identification of secondary microglial formation centers in the human fetal brain.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Infiltrating monocytes augment alternative complement activation and exacerbate inherited retinal degeneration in a mouse model.Research square · 2026Article
- Genetic-Environmental Programming of Microglial Identity: Shaping Spatiotemporal Dynamics in Neurodevelopment and Neurodevelopmental Diseases.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Microglia-independent rAAV-induced inflammation causes persistent ocular immune dysregulation rescued by S1P receptor modulation.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Müller glia-microglia cross talk reprograms the Müller glia transcriptome for cell division-related processes during retina regeneration.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Article
- Oxidative DNA damage drives apoptotic photoreceptor loss in NMNAT1-associated inherited retinal degeneration: a therapeutic opportunity.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Adam9-deficient retinal pigment epithelium pseudopods maintain photoreceptor outer segment renewal despite subretinal space expansion.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Vitreoretinal Myeloid Cell Heterogeneity: Diverse Roles in Homeostasis, Immune Surveillance, and Pathophysiology.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Review
- Myeloid HDAC3 deletion protects against traumatic optic injury.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
240 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Microglia from different nervous system regions are molecularly and anatomically distinct, but whether they also have different functions is unknown. We combined lineage tracing, single-cell transcriptomics, and electrophysiology of the mouse retina and showed that adult retinal microglia shared a common developmental lineage and were long-lived but resided in two distinct niches. Microglia in these niches differed in their interleukin-34 dependency and functional contribution to visual-information processing. During certain retinal-degeneration models, microglia from both pools relocated to the subretinal space, an inducible disease-associated niche that was poorly accessible to monocyte-derived cells. This microglial transition involved transcriptional reprogramming of microglia, characterized by reduced expression of homeostatic checkpoint genes and upregulation of injury-responsive genes. This transition was associated with protection of the retinal pigmented epithelium from damage caused by disease. Together, our data demonstrate that microglial function varies by retinal niche, thereby shedding light on the significance of microglia heterogeneity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.