ArticleJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2019
Development of a battery-free ultrasonically powered functional electrical stimulator for movement restoration after paralyzing spinal cord injury.
Article in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic potential of ultrasound for spinal cord injury.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- A programmable and self-adaptive ultrasonic wireless implant for personalized chronic pain management.Nature electronics · 2025Article
- A Miniaturized Wireless, Battery-free Implant for In Vivo Musculoskeletal Stimulation.The ... Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems conference proceedings : MWSCAS. Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems · 2024Article
- Fully implanted battery-free high power platform for chronic spinal and muscular functional electrical stimulation.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Microenvironment-responsive electrocution of tumor and bacteria by implants modified with degenerate semiconductor film.Bioactive materials · 2023Article
- Trans-Spinal Electrical Stimulation Therapy for Functional Rehabilitation after Spinal Cord Injury: Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Wireless Power Delivery Techniques for Miniature Implantable Bioelectronics.Advanced healthcare materials · 2021Review
- Ultrasound in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Wide-Open Field.Neurosurgery · 2021Article
- Biomedical Implants with Charge-Transfer Monitoring and Regulating Abilities.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2021Review
- Distributed sensor and actuator networks for closed-loop bioelectronic medicine.Materials today (Kidlington, England) · 2021Article
- Redox Polymers for Tissue Engineering.Frontiers in medical technology · 2021Review
- ANOVA-Based Analysis of Early Blood Transfusions on Hemodynamics with Severely Injured Trauma Using Bedside Ultrasound Imaging.Journal of healthcare engineering · 2021Article
- Autocharging Techniques for Implantable Medical Applications.International journal of biomaterials · 2021Review
- Ultrasound-driven piezoelectric current activates spinal cord neurocircuits and restores locomotion in rats with spinal cord injury.Bioelectronic medicine · 2020Article
- MiniVStimA: A miniaturized easy to use implantable electrical stimulator for small laboratory animals.PloS one · 2020Article
- Ultrasound powered piezoelectric neurostimulation devices: a commentary.Bioelectronic medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFunctional electrical stimulation (FES) is used to restore movements in paretic limbs after severe paralyses resulting from neurological injuries such as spinal cord injury (SCI). Most chronic FES systems utilize an implantable electrical stimulator to deliver a small electric current to the targeted muscle or nerve to stimulate muscle contractions. These implanted stimulators are generally bulky, mainly due to the size of the batteries. Furthermore, these battery-powered stimulators are required to be explanted every few years for battery replacement which may result in surgical failures or infections. Hence, a wireless power transfer technique is desirable to power these implantable stimulators.
methodsConventional wireless power transduction faces significant challenges for safe and efficient energy transfer through the skin and deep into the body. Inductive and electromagnetic power transduction is generally used for very short distances and may also interfere with other medical measurements such as X-ray and MRI. To address these issues, we have developed a wireless, ultrasonically powered, implantable piezoelectric stimulator. The stimulator is encapsulated with biocompatible materials.
resultsThe stimulator is capable of harvesting a maximum of 5.95 mW electric power at an 8-mm depth under the skin from an ultrasound beam with about 380 mW/cm
conclusionsA battery-free miniature (10 mm diameter × 4 mm thickness) implantable stimulator, developed in the current study is capable of directly stimulating paretic muscles through external ultrasound signals. The required cost to develop the stimulator is relatively low as all the components are off the shelf.
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