ArticlePsychological science2019
The Dual Impact of Early and Concurrent Life Stress on Adults' Diurnal Cortisol Patterns: A Prospective Study.
Article in Psychological science, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Family-based care buffers the stress sensitizing effect of early deprivation on executive functioning difficulties in adolescence.Child development · 2023Trial
- Environmental determinants of physiological reactivity to stress: The interacting effects of early life deprivation, caregiving quality, and stressful life events.Development and psychopathology · 2020Trial
- The prospective association between stressful life events and inflammation among adolescents with a history of early institutional rearing.Development and psychopathology · 2020Trial
- Stress sensitization among severely neglected children and protection by social enrichment.Nature communications · 2019Trial
- Early life adversity shapes adult behavior in a free-ranging primate.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Overnight negative emotion inertia is moderated by evening cortisol levels.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Inhibition of microglia priming by NLRP3 reduces the impact of early life stress and mild TBI.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Early-Life Adversity and Epigenetic Aging: Findings from a 17-Year Longitudinal Study.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Lifetime Stressor Severity and Diurnal Cortisol in Older African American Adults: A Comparison of Three Theoretical Models.Developmental psychobiology · 2025Article
- Emotional Availability as a Moderator of Stress for Young Children and Parents in Two Diverse Early Head Start Samples.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2025Article
- Article
- Sex-Specific Outcomes in a Rat Model of Early-Life Stress Due to Adverse Caregiving.Neurotoxicity research · 2025Article
- Neural and immune interactions linking early life stress and anhedonia.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Childhood trauma and hair cortisol response over the year following onset of a chronic life event stressor.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2024Article
- Inflammatory biomarkers link perceived stress with metabolic dysregulation.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- Reliability of diurnal salivary cortisol metrics: A meta-analysis and investigation in two independent samples.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2023Article
- The Cutting Edge of Epigenetic Clocks: In Search of Mechanisms Linking Aging and Mental Health.Biological psychiatry · 2023Review
- Adverse Childhood Experiences and alcohol use among U.S.-born and immigrant Latinx youth: the roles of social support and stress hormones.Journal of child and family studies · 2023Article
- Sex differences in neuroendocrine, sympathetic nervous system, and affect responses to acute stress in cannabis users.Psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Everyday perceptions of safety and racial disparities in hair cortisol concentration.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Major life stress often produces a flat diurnal cortisol slope, an indicator of potential long-term health problems. Exposure to stress early in childhood or the accumulation of stress across the life span may be responsible for this pattern. However, the relative impact of life stress at different life stages on diurnal cortisol is unknown. Using a longitudinal sample of adults followed from birth, we examined three models of the effect of stress exposure on diurnal cortisol: the cumulative model, the biological-embedding model, and the sensitization model. As its name implies, the cumulative model focuses on cumulative life stress. In contrast, the biological-embedding model implicates early childhood stress, and the sensitization model posits that current life stress interacts with early life stress to produce flat diurnal cortisol slopes. Our analyses are consistent with the sensitization model, as they indicate that the combination of high stress exposure early in life and high current stress predict flat diurnal cortisol slopes. These novel findings advance understanding of diurnal cortisol patterns and point to avenues for intervention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.