ArticleWater environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation2019
Evaluating the fate of bacterial indicators, viral indicators, and viruses in water resource recovery facilities.
Article in Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Addressing Which Pathogens Are More Suitable to Ensure Water Reuse Safety-A Proof-of-Concept.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Virus Log Reduction Values and Dominant Mechanisms in Full-Scale Secondary Biological Wastewater Treatment Systems.Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation · 2025Article
- Role of Lysogenic Phages in the Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistance Genes Applied in the Food Chain.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The effect of sewage source on HF183 risk-based threshold estimation for recreational water quality management.Microbial risk analysis · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Surfactant Treatment for Efficient Gene Detection of Enteric Viruses and Indicators in Surface Water Concentrated by Ultrafiltration.Food and environmental virology · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of two wastewater disinfection strategies for the removal of fecal indicator bacteria, bacteriophage, and enteric viral pathogens concentrated using dead-end hollow fiber ultrafiltration (D-HFUF).The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
- Article
- Coronavirus in water media: Analysis, fate, disinfection and epidemiological applications.Journal of hazardous materials · 2021Review
- Quantification and Trends of Rotavirus and Enterovirus in Untreated Sewage Using Reverse Transcription Droplet Digital PCR.Food and environmental virology · 2021Article
- COVID-19 surveillance in Southeastern Virginia using wastewater-based epidemiology.Water research · 2020Article
- Reduction of Pathogenic and Indicator Viruses at a Drinking Water Treatment Plant in Southern Louisiana, USA.Food and environmental virology · 2020Article
- Outbreaks Associated with Untreated Recreational Water - California, Maine, and Minnesota, 2018-2019.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
A year-long sampling campaign at nine water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) was conducted to assess the treatability and fate of bacterial indicators, viral indicators, and viruses. Influent concentrations of viral indicators (male-specific and somatic coliphages) and bacterial indicators (Escherichia coli and enterococci) remained relatively constant, typically varying by one order of magnitude over the course of the year. Annual average bacterial indicator reduction ranged from 4.0 to 6.7 logs, and annual average viral indicator reduction ranged from 1.6 to 5.4 logs. Bacterial and viral indicator reduction depended on the WRRF's treatment processes, and bacterial indicator reduction was greater than viral indicator reduction for many processes. Viral reduction (adenovirus 41, norovirus GI, and norovirus GII) was more similar to viral indicator reduction than bacterial indicator reduction. Overall, this work suggests that viral indicator reduction in WRRFs is variable and depends on specific unit processes. Moreover, for the same unit treatment process, viral indicator reduction and bacterial indicator reduction can vary. PRACTITIONER POINTS: A year-long sampling campaign was conducted at nine water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs). The treatability and fate of bacterial indicators, viral indicators, and viruses were assessed. Viral indicator reduction in WRRFs is variable and depends on specific unit processes. For the same unit treatment process, viral indicator reduction and bacterial indicator reduction can vary.
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Registered trials
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