SynthesisKnee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA2019
Native non-osteoarthritic knees have a highly variable coronal alignment: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Mechanical versus kinematic alignment for total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Comparison of robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of robotic surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Article
- The coronal plane alignment of the knee classification cannot ignore the joint line convergence angle.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- Reliability of the CPAK classification assessed on long-leg X-rays in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.Arthroplasty (London, England) · 2026Article
- Speaking the same language? A direct cartography between functional knee phenotypes and CPAK.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2026Article
- Analysis of posterolateral and anterolateral laxity in varus knees undergoing robotic assisted total knee arthroplasty.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Article
- Revision of partial to total knee arthroplasty using robotic assistance.Bone & joint open · 2026Article
- Precision medicine in orthopaedics: A review of current technologies and future directions.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2026Review
- Personalized Robotic-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty with Anatomo-Functional Implant Positioning for Varus Knees: A Minimum Follow-Up of 5 Years.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
- Frontal plane mechanical leg alignment estimation from knee x-rays using deep learning.Osteoarthritis and cartilage open · 2025Article
- Factors Affecting Successful Restricted Kinematic Alignment With Robotic Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients With Severe Varus Preoperative Alignment.Arthroplasty today · 2024Article
- The Distribution of Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee Classification in a Sample of Spanish Southeast Osteoarthritic Population: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Observational Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Observational
- Distances and angles in standing long-leg radiographs: comparing conventional radiography, digital radiography, and EOS.Skeletal radiology · 2024Article
- Joint line convergence angle is the most associated alignment factor with the severity of medial knee osteoarthritis.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2024Article
- The joint line convergence angle (JLCA) correlates with intra-articular arthritis.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2023Article
- Functional positioning principles for image-based robotic-assisted TKA achieved a higher Forgotten Joint Score at 1 year compared to conventional TKA with restricted kinematic alignment.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2023Article
- Definitions and consequences of current alignment techniques and phenotypes in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) - there is no winner yet.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2023Review
- A novel geometrical planning method to restore knee joint obliquity in double-level osteotomies.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2023Article
- Gender-specific distribution of knee morphology according to CPAK and functional phenotype classification: analysis of 8739 osteoarthritic knees prior to total knee arthroplasty using artificial intelligence.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeCoronal alignment of the knee is defined by the hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), the femoral mechanical angle (FMA), the tibial mechanical angle (TMA), and the joint line convergence angle (JLCA). To date, there is still a lack of knowledge about the variability of native coronal knee alignment. The purpose of this paper is to present a systematic review of the current literature about the variability of coronal knee alignment (HKA, FMA, TMA, and JLCA) in non-osteoarthritic knees.
methodsThe electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were searched from database inception to search date (November 1, 2018) and screened for relevant studies. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. Inclusion criteria were studies that reported the coronal alignment of the native, non-osteoarthritic knee.
resultsA total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. Thirteen studies performed the measurements on weight-bearing long-leg standing radiographs (LLR), one study used MRI, and one study used the EOS imaging system. The mean HKA ranged from 176.7° ± 2.8° (male) to 180.7° (female). The mean FMA ranged from 92.08° ± 1.78° (female) to 97.2° ± 2.7° (female). The mean TMA ranged from 84.6° ± 2.5° (female) to 89.6° (female). The mean JLCA ranged from - 0.47° ± 0.98° (male) to - 1.9° ± 1.4° (female).
conclusionThis systematic review provides a detailed overview about the variability of the coronal knee alignment in non-osteoarthritic knees. The broad variability of all coronal alignment parameters highlights the necessity for a more anatomic and individualized approach in knee arthroplasty. It also offers the fundament to understand the changes in osteoarthritic knees. LEVEL OF CLINICAL EVIDENCE: Systematic review, Level IV.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.