ArticleTheory in biosciences = Theorie in den Biowissenschaften2019
The reception of Haeckel in pre-revolutionary Russia and his impact on evolutionary theory.
Article in Theory in biosciences = Theorie in den Biowissenschaften, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Scientific traditions in conflict: the Rusconi-von Baer controversy on the embryology of frogs and the development of the cell theory.Theory in biosciences = Theorie in den Biowissenschaften · 2021Article
- Ernst Haeckel, Nikolai Miklucho-Maclay and the racial controversy over the Papuans.Frontiers in zoology · 2020Article
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Abstract
The "German Darwin" Ernst Haeckel was influential not only in Germany, but in non-German-speaking countries as well. Due to the widespread use of German as a language of science in the Russian Empire along with growing Russian-German links in various scientific fields, Haeckel directly and indirectly influenced Russian intellectual landscape. The objective of the present paper is to investigate Haeckel's impact on Russian biology before the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. We outline the transfer of Haeckelian ideas to Russia and its adaptation to a national research tradition. Haeckel's ideas influenced the most crucial Russian evolutionists such as brothers Alexander and Vladimir Kovalevsky, Ilya (Elias) Metschnikoff, Mikhail Menzbier (Menzbir), Karl Kessler, Andrei Famintzyn, and Konstantin Mereschkowsky. At the same time, Haeckel's speculative hypotheses and his attempts to convert Darwinism into a universal worldview by promoting monism found little support in biological circles of Russia. Russian biology grew as an empirical science having weak connections to "romantic philosophy" as German biology did. This, among others, explains the acceptance of Haeckel as a biologist and the rejection of Haeckel as a philosopher by crucial Russian evolutionists.
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