SynthesisSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2019
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Crossover Studies Comparing Physiological, Perceptual and Performance Measures Between Treadmill and Overground Running.
Synthesis in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effectiveness of Cluster vs. Rest-Redistribution Set Configurations to Maintain Movement Velocity During Resistance Training: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-analysis.Sports medicine - open · 2026Pooled it
- Assessing running stability: a systematic review of methods.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Pooled it
- Acute and Chronic Effects of Accentuated Eccentric Loading vs. Constant-Load Resistance Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Pooled it
- Superset Versus Traditional Resistance Training Prescriptions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Exploring Acute and Chronic Effects on Mechanical, Metabolic, and Perceptual Variables.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of physical activity on caloric and macronutrient intake in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2024Pooled it
- The Effects of Outdoor versus Indoor Exercise on Psychological Health, Physical Health, and Physical Activity Behaviour: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Trials.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Trunk Biomechanics in Individuals with Knee Disorders: A Systematic Review with Evidence Gap Map and Meta-analysis.Sports medicine - open · 2022Pooled it
- The Ergogenic Effects of Acute Carbohydrate Feeding on Resistance Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The Effects of Set Structure Manipulation on Chronic Adaptations to Resistance Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Pooled it
- Acute Effects of Cluster and Rest Redistribution Set Structures on Mechanical, Metabolic, and Perceptual Fatigue During and After Resistance Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Pooled it
- Is Motorized Treadmill Running Biomechanically Comparable to Overground Running? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cross-Over Studies.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Crossover Studies Comparing Physiological, Perceptual and Performance Measures Between Treadmill and Overground Running.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2019Pooled it
- Persistent Improvements in Running Economy With Advanced Footwear Technology During Prolonged Running in Trained Male Runners.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2025Trial
- Acute caffeine supplementation offsets the impairment in 10-km running performance following one night of partial sleep deprivation: a randomized controlled crossover trial.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Trial
- Classifying Endurance Runners by Kinematics Strengthens Relationships of Muscle-Tendon Unit Function with Running Economy and Performance.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2026Article
- Article
- Running wild: Forest running enhances performance, enjoyment, mood, and future exercise intentions.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2026Article
- Article
- The Mediating Effect of Running Biomechanics, Anthropometrics, Muscle Architecture, and Comfort on Running Economy Across Different Shoes.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTreadmills are routinely used to assess running performance and training parameters related to physiological or perceived effort. These measurements are presumed to replicate overground running but there has been no systematic review comparing performance, physiology and perceived effort between treadmill and overground running.
objectiveThe objective of this systematic review was to compare physiological, perceptual and performance measures between treadmill and overground running in healthy adults.
methodsAMED (Allied and Contemporary Medicine), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health), EMBASE, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science databases were searched from inception until May 2018. Included studies used a crossover study design to compare physiological (oxygen uptake [[Formula: see text]O
resultsThirty-four studies were included. Twelve studies used a 1% grade for the treadmill condition and three used grades > 1%. Similar [Formula: see text]O
conclusionsSome, but not all, variables differ between treadmill and overground running, and may be dependent on the running speed at which they are assessed. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: CRD42017074640 (PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.