ArticleBMC geriatrics2019
Associations of the metabolic syndrome and its components with cognitive impairment in older adults.
Article in BMC geriatrics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02265263 (Biomarker Development for Postoperative Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly), which is not on this map. Cited by 42 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Biomarker Development for Postoperative Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly (BioCog)
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigating the application of IoT mobile app and healthcare services for diabetic elderly: A systematic review.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Is there an association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cognitive function? A systematic review.BMC geriatrics · 2022Pooled it
- Integrated cortical-cognitive signatures identified by machine learning enable early detection of MCI in type 2 diabetes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Association between the atherogenic index of plasma and cognitive impairment.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Sleep duration, depressive symptoms, and postoperative delirium: a mediation analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Metabolic syndrome and the risk of perioperative ischemic stroke in non-cardiac surgery: a case-control retrospective study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Mediation by atherogenic index of plasma of the association between body roundness index and cognitive impairment in older Chinese people: an analysis using health check-up data.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Regression from prediabetes to normoglycaemia and the role of cardiometabolic risk factors on the subsequent risk of developing type 2 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Causal relationship and shared genetic pathways between diabetic kidney disease and cognitive impairment: a Mendelian randomization study.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Systemic immune-inflammation index and postoperative sleep disturbance in elderly patients with total joint arthroplasty: A prospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Optimizing midlife metabolic syndrome thresholds for dementia: a prospective study of two UK population-based cohorts.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Article
- Adherence to combined healthy lifestyle and odds of metabolic syndrome in Iranian adults: the PERSIAN Dena cohort study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association between atherogenic index of plasma and cognitive impairment in middle-aged and older adults: results from CHARLS.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Prevalence of cognitive impairment and metabolic syndrome among older adults in calabar metropolis and the associated risk factors.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- An exploratory research report on brain mineralization in postoperative delirium and cognitive decline.The European journal of neuroscience · 2024Article
- Association between healthy eating index-2015 scores and metabolic syndrome among Iranian women: a cross-sectional study.BMC women's health · 2024Article
- Review
- Do Associations Between Vascular Risk and Mild Cognitive Impairment Vary by Race?Journal of aging and health · 2023Article
- Metabolic syndrome and cognitive deficits in the Greek cohort of Epirus Health Study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2023Article
- NHANES 2011-2014 Reveals Decreased Cognitive Performance in U.S. Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome Combinations.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an established cardiovascular risk factor. Here, we investigated its role in cognitive impairment.
methodsBaseline data from 202 participants (aged 65 to 87 years) of the BioCog study were used. All were free of clinical dementia (MMSE≥24/30). Cognitive impairment was defined as the lowest tertile of a cognitive summary score. Multiple logistic regression analyses examined associations of body mass index (BMI), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), glucose and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels with the odds of cognitive impairment. MetS was defined as ≥3 of its 5 components obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m
resultsLower HDL-C was significantly associated with a higher odds of cognitive impairment (OR 2.70 per 1 mmol/L reduction; 95% CI 1.25, 5.56; p = 0.011), whereas BMI, TG, glucose and HbA1c were not (all p > 0.05). Results for HDL-C were similar when HDL-C, glucose, BMI and TG were entered into a single model (OR 2.56 per 1 mmol/L reduction, 95% CI 1.09, 5.88, p = 0.031) and when cerebrovascular disease and coronary heart disease were additionally controlled for (OR 2.56 per 1 mmol/L reduction, 95% CI 1.06, 6.25, p = 0.036). Among the 5 MetS components, participants with elevated TG were at 2-fold increased odds of impairment (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.08, 4.05, p = 0.028) including when the remaining 4 MetS components were entered (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.07, 4.65, p = 0.033), but the finding was no longer statistically significant when cerebrovascular disease and coronary heart disease were additionally controlled for (p = 0.11). Presence of MetS and of obesity, reduced HDL-C, elevated glucose or elevated blood pressure were not significantly associated with impairment (all p > 0.05).
conclusionOur findings support low HDL-C as an independent risk marker of cognitive impairment in older age. The need for research into mediatory and confounding factors, and re-evaluation of traditional cut-off points is highlighted.
trial registrationThe study was registered on 15th October 2014 at clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT02265263 ).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.