ArticleBMC infectious diseases2019
Magnitude and correlates of virological failure among adult HIV patients receiving PI based second line ART regimens in north western Tanzania; a case control study.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and predictors of virological failure among the people living with HIV on antiretroviral treatment in East Africa: evidence from a systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression of published studies from 2016 to 2023.HIV research & clinical practice · 2025Pooled it
- Men missing from the HIV care continuum in sub-Saharan Africa: a meta-analysis and meta-synthesis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Pooled it
- Factors associated with antiretroviral treatment failure among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in resource-poor settings: a systematic review and metaanalysis.Systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Virological failure in HIV-naïve patients with antiretroviral therapy: A perspective from pharmacological variablesBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2026Observational
- Second-line antiretroviral therapy success rates and predictors among people living with HIV in Rwanda, 2019-2023.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Virological failure and risk factors among people living with HIV taking second-line ART in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.PloS one · 2026Article
- Viral failure and associated factors in adults on second line antiretroviral therapy in public hospitals of Harari Region and Dire Dawa administration, Eastern Ethiopia.Journal of public health research · 2025Article
- Article
- Herbal medicines use among HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy and its influence on viral suppression and CD4 count: A survey at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Factors associated with adherence and viral suppression among patients on second-line antiretroviral therapy in an urban HIV program in Kenya.SAGE open medicine · 2023Article
- Failure to Attain HIV Viral Suppression After Intensified Adherence Counselling-What Can We Learn About Its Factors?Infection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- Article
- Incidence and Predictors of Virological Failure Among Adult HIV/AIDS Patients on Second-Line Anti-Retroviral Therapy, in Selected Public Hospital of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Retrospective Follow-Up Study.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
- Determinants of Virologic Failure Among Adults on Second Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Wollo, Amhara Regional State, Northeast Ethiopia.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Article
- Article
- First-line virologic-based ART treatment failure and associated factors among adult HIV Positives in Southwest Shoa, Central Ethiopia.Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS CareArticle
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWith a growing access to free ART, switching of ART to second line regimen has also become common following failure of first line ART regimens. Patients failing on first line ART regimens have been shown to stand a high risk of failing on subsequent second line ART regimens. The magnitude of those who are failing virologicaly on second line ART is not documented in our setting. This study was designed to assess the magnitude and correlates of second line ART treatment failure.
methodsA retrospective analysis of patients on second line ART for at least 1 year was done at Bugando care and treatment center. Information on demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected and analyzed using STATA 11. The proportion of patients with Virological failure was calculated and potential correlates of virological failure were determined by logistic regression model.
resultsIn total 197 patients on second line ART were included in this study and 24 (12.18%) of them met criteria for virological failure. The odds of having virological failure on second line ART were independently associated with age of less than 30 years (AOR = 12.5, p = 0.001), being on first line for less than 3 years (AOR = 6.1, p = 0.002) and CD4 at switch to second line ART of less than 200cells/μl (AOR = 16.3, p < 0.001).
conclusionVirological failure among patients on second line ART is common. Predictors of virological failure in this study could assist in planning for strategies to improve the outcome of this subgroup of patients including close clinical follow up of patients at risk, a continued adherence intensification and a targeted resistance testing before switching to second line ART.
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