ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2019
Context-Dependent Effect of Glucocorticoids on the Proliferation, Differentiation, and Apoptosis of Regulatory T Cells: A Review of the Empirical Evidence and Clinical Applications.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Rapid Weight Loss on the Immune System in Combat Sports Athletes: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- The Proportion of Regulatory T Cells in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Meta-Analysis.Journal of immunology research · 2019Pooled it
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Sepsis: Pathophysiology, Duality, and Therapeutic Frontiers.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2026Review
- A stage-based framework to interpret regulatory T cell biology after heart transplantation.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- The Impact of Stress on the Functioning and Survival of Transplanted Kidneys-Biological Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Therapeutic Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Dynamic Changes in Peripheral Immune Cells During Efgartigimod Treatment in Naive Generalized Myasthenia Gravis.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Hypoxia inducible factor 1α-driven steroidogenesis impacts systemic hematopoiesis.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2025Article
- The immunobiology and therapeutic potential of regulatory T cells in autoimmune diseases and allergic diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Dual-release hydrocortisone treatment improves serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cell inflammatory and immune profiles in patients with autoimmune primary adrenal insufficiency.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Unlocking the potential of T-cell metabolism reprogramming: Advancing single-cell approaches for precision immunotherapy in tumour immunity.Clinical and translational medicine · 2024Review
- Impact of endocrine disruptors on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro: role of gender.Archives of toxicology · 2023Article
- Mometasone Furoate Inhibits the Progression of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Regulating Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-Receptor Type 11.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Hypersensitivity Reactions to NativeHemaSphere · 2023Article
- Role of Peripheral Regulatory T Lymphocytes in Patients with Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy During Systemic Glucocorticoid Treatment: A Prospective Observational Study.Current medical science · 2023Observational
- Perioperative dexamethasone in high-grade gliomas: the short-term benefits and long-term harms.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Glucocorticoid regulation of the mTORC1 pathway modulates CD4Clinical & translational immunology · 2023Article
- Steroid treatment suppresses the CD4Scientific reports · 2022Article
- New Insights on Effects of Glucocorticoids in Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2022Review
- Effects of glucocorticoids on leukocytes: Genomic and non-genomic mechanisms.World journal of clinical cases · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used to treat several diseases because of their powerful anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects on immune cells and non-lymphoid tissues. The effects of GCs on T cells are the most relevant in this regard. In this review, we analyze how GCs modulate the survival, maturation, and differentiation of regulatory T (Treg) cell subsets into both murine models and humans. In this way, GCs change the Treg cell number with an impact on the mid-term and long-term efficacy of GC treatment. In vitro studies suggest that the GC-dependent expansion of Treg cells is relevant when they are activated. In agreement with this observation, the GC treatment of patients with established autoimmune, allergic, or (auto)inflammatory diseases causes an expansion of Treg cells. An exception to this appears to be the local GC treatment of psoriatic lesions. Moreover, the effects on Treg number in patients with multiple sclerosis are uncertain. The effects of GCs on Treg cell number in healthy/diseased subjects treated with or exposed to allergens/antigens appear to be context-dependent. Considering the relevance of this effect in the maturation of the immune system (tolerogenic response to antigens), the success of vaccination (including desensitization), and the tolerance to xenografts, the findings must be considered when planning GC treatment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.