ArticleJournal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract2019
Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Macrophages in Intrahepatic Cholangiocellular Carcinoma. Impact on Prognosis after Complete Surgery.
Article in Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes: from prognosis to treatment selection.British journal of cancer · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- Preoperative prediction model of microvascular invasion in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients based on CT radiomics can assist clinical surgical decision-making: a multicenter study.European radiology · 2026Article
- Cholangiocarcinoma 2026: status quo, unmet needs and priorities.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- The Immune-Genomics of Cholangiocarcinoma: A Biological Footprint to Develop Novel Immunotherapies.Cancers · 2025Review
- Management of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a review for clinicians.Gastroenterology report · 2025Review
- Imaging findings of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma for prognosis prediction and treatment decision-making: a narrative review.Ewha medical journal · 2024Review
- Histopathological growth pattern and vessel co-option in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Medical molecular morphology · 2024Article
- Cholangiocarcinoma: Recent Advances in Molecular Pathobiology and Therapeutic Approaches.Cancers · 2024Review
- High immune cell infiltration predicts improved survival in cholangiocarcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Tumor immune microenvironment and the current immunotherapy of cholangiocarcinoma (Review).International journal of oncology · 2023Review
- Immunobiology of cholangiocarcinoma.Journal of hepatology · 2023Review
- Article
- Preclinical and clinical studies of immunotherapy for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2023Review
- Tumor-Infiltrating B Lymphocytes: Promising Immunotherapeutic Targets for Primary Liver Cancer Treatment.Cancers · 2023Review
- Screening of prognosis-related Immune cells and prognostic predictors in Colorectal Cancer Patients.BMC cancer · 2023Article
- Safety and efficacy of biliary stenting combined with iodine-125 seed strand followed by hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy plus lenvatinib with PD-1 inhibitor for the treatment of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with malignant obstructive jaundice.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Functional Investigation of the Tumoural Heterogeneity of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma by In Vivo PET-CT Navigation: A Proof-of-Concept Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- The Functional Roles of Immune Cells in Primary Liver Cancer.The American journal of pathology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundImmune infiltrate impacts prognosis of several tumors. To assess the prognostic impact of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and macrophages in patients undergoing resection for intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (ICC).
methodsAll consecutive patients undergoing surgery for ICC between 2008 and 2016 were considered. Inclusion criteria were complete resection and follow-up > 12 months. Tissue sections were immunostained for CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, Foxp3+, and CD68+. The number of positive cells was quantified using a computer-aided image analysis system. Different cut-off values were tested as predictors of overall survival (OS).
resultsFifty-three patients were analyzed. ICC were T1 in 28 patients, multifocal in 11, and N+ in 13. After a median follow-up of 42 months, 5-year OS was 52.1%. The following immune infiltrate values were associated with better OS: CD3+ > 0.10% (5-year OS 63.3% vs. 13.6% if ≤ 0.10%, p = 0.001); CD8+ > 0.10% (56.2% vs. 28.6% if ≤ 0.10%, p = 0.051); Foxp3+ absent (59.4% vs. 16.0% if present, p = 0.049). CD4+ and CD68+ infiltrates were not associated with OS. Three-year OS rates in patients with 0, 1, and ≥ 2 negative prognostic factors were 73.6%, 47.3%, and 14.3%, respectively (p < 0.001). CD3+ infiltrate stratified prognosis in T1 tumors (3-year OS 71.7% if CD3+ > 0.10% vs. 14.3% if ≤ 0.10%, p < 0.001).
conclusionsTumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are associated with prognosis of ICC patients after complete surgery. CD3+ and CD8+ infiltrate is associated with higher survival and lower recurrence risk, while Foxp3+ infiltrate is associated with worse prognosis. CD3+ infiltrate allows refining prediction of prognosis in early tumors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
30843133What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.