ReviewWorld journal of clinical cases2019
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis: A comprehensive review.
Review in World journal of clinical cases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 155 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
155 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 260 citations in OpenAlex.
- Polygenic risk score for ulcerative colitis predicts immune checkpoint inhibitor-mediated colitis.Nature communications · 2024Pooled it
- Corticosteroid-resistant immune-related adverse events: a systematic review.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Pooled it
- Proof-of-principle Phase I results of combining nivolumab with brachytherapy and external beam radiation therapy for Grade Group 5 prostate cancer: safety, feasibility, and exploratory analysis.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2021Trial
- Review
- Efficacy and Safety of Durvalumab and Tremelimumab in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Chronic diseases and translational medicine · 2026Review
- A Clinically Grounded Rule-Based Phenotyping Framework for Identifying Immune-Related Adverse Events in Structured Electronic Health Record Data: A Retrospective EHR Study.Research square · 2026Article
- Use of Antihistamine Drugs in Colitis: A Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Microbiota and immune-related adverse events in cancer immunotherapy.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Imaging response assessment in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a radiologist's guide to contemporary therapeutic strategies.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2026Review
- Article
- Real-world management and outcomes of immune-mediated diarrhea and colitis: gaps in guideline adherence and opportunities for implementation.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Observational
- Risk factors for immune checkpoint inhibitor colitis: a retrospective multi-center cohort study using electronic health records.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Immune-Mediated Colitis Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Pathophysiology, Clinical Management, and the Emerging Role of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Across the Social Network of the Gut: Bacterial, Fungal, and Viral Determinants of Checkpoint Inhibitor Efficacy and Toxicity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Where is the data? Delayed and chronic irAE surveillance and management after cessation of ICIs: expert insights from SITC on survivorship care and the need for long-term data.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- When Checkpoint Inhibitors Break Barriers: Mechanisms and Challenges of irAEs of the Skin, Gastrointestinal Tract, and Lung.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Review
- Dendritic cell-liposome conjugates reverse immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment for inhibiting colitis-associated colorectal cancer.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Pembrolizumab-Induced Colitis With Concurrent Capecitabine in Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- The potential of microbiome modulators to improve quality of life in cancer survivors through gut microbiome-immune interactions.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Engineered extracellular vesicles reprogram T cells by targeting PD-1 and PHB1 signaling in inflammatory bowel disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
95 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are monoclonal antibodies that target down-regulators of the anti-cancer immune response: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4, programmed cell death protein-1, and its ligand programmed death-ligand 1. ICIs have revolutionized the treatment of a variety of malignancies. However, many immune-related adverse events have also been described which mainly occurs as the immune system becomes less suppressed, affecting various organs including the gastrointestinal tract and causing diarrhea and colitis. The incidence of immune-mediated colitis (IMC) ranges from 1%-25% depending on the type of ICI and if used in combination. Endoscopically and histologically there is a significant overlap between IMC and inflammatory bowel disease, however more neutrophilic inflammation without chronic inflammation is usually present in IMC. Corticosteroids are recommended for grade 2 or more severe colitis while holding the immunotherapy. About one third to two thirds of patients are steroid refractory and benefit from infliximab. Recently vedolizumab has been found to be efficacious in steroid and infliximab refractory cases. While in grade 4 colitis, the immunotherapy is permanently discontinued, the decision is controversial in grade 3 colitis.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.