ArticleThe mental health clinician2019
Review of the many faces of synthetic cannabinoid toxicities.
Article in The mental health clinician, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synthetic Cannabinoids and Cathinones Cardiotoxicity: Facts and Perspectives.Current neuropharmacology · 2021Pooled it
- 4F-MDMB-BICA toxicity: a fatal case and literature review of synthetic cannabinoid fatalities.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2026Review
- Detection of drugs of abuse: evolving analytical strategies and emerging challenges.Frontiers in chemistry · 2026Review
- Cannabinoids and ADHD: a New Frontier in Neuropharmacology?Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2025Review
- Synthetic Cannabinoid (Mojo)-Induced ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- Synthetic Cannabinoids in Sierra Leone: Understanding the Use of 'Kush' Among Youths and Its Socioeconomic Impact in Sierra Leone and Sub-Region.Public health challenges · 2025Article
- The resurgence of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists as adulterants in the Era of Cannabis legalization: Lessons from prior epidemics and clinical implications.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2025Review
- Cannabis and psychopathology: 2024 Snapshot of a meandering journey.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2025Review
- Review
- In vivo assessment of the nephrotoxic effects of the synthetic cannabinoid AB-FUBINACA.Forensic toxicology · 2025Article
- The Impact of Potent Addictive Substances on Angiogenic Behavior: A Comprehensive Review.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Review
- Review
- Cardiac effects of 5F-Cumyl-PEGACLONE.International journal of legal medicine · 2024Article
- The synthetic cannabinoids menace: a review of health risks and toxicity.European journal of medical research · 2024Review
- The endocannabinoid system as a putative target for the development of novel drugs for the treatment of psychiatric illnesses.Psychological medicine · 2023Review
- Review
- Acute, chronic, and post-mortem toxicity: a review focused on three different classes of new psychoactive substances.Forensic toxicology · 2023Review
- Acute Cardiovascular and Cardiorespiratory Effects of JWH-018 in Awake and Freely Moving Mice: Mechanism of Action and Possible Antidotal Interventions?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Photochemical Fingerprinting Is a Sensitive Probe for the Detection of Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists; toward Robust Point-of-Care Detection.Analytical chemistry · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionSynthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are psychoactive substances that are gaining popularity for their availability and lack of detection by standardized drug tests. Although some users may perceive SCs as safer alternatives to marijuana, some SCs are more potent and result in more severe toxicities.
methodsA search of the literature was conducted in the PubMed and SciFinder databases. Results in PubMed were limited to human studies, and only articles in English were included.
resultsReview of the literature illustrates the hazards associated with SC use. A range of severe toxicities affecting numerous systems has been identified, such as arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, psychosis, suicidal ideation, seizures, acute tubular necrosis, and intracranial hemorrhage. Additionally, a recent outbreak of coagulopathies and at least 4 associated deaths due to SCs tainted with brodifacoum have been reported. DISCUSSION: Synthetic cannabinoids may be perceived as a safer alternative to marijuana; however, SCs can be more potent at the cannabinoid receptors and in turn have greater toxicities. Limited information is available on the metabolism of SCs; however, cytochrome P450 pathways may be involved, which could result in drug interactions and unpredicted adverse effects. Toxicity with SC use is not just related to its effects, but also to additives that may taint these products and enhance their effects. Health care providers should be aware of the range of toxicities related to SC use, and tainted products such as these agents are not detected on routine drug screens.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.