ArticleBMJ open2019
Voluntary home and car smoke-free rules in Japan: a cross-sectional study in 2015.
Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Child health knowledge and attitudes and intentions to quit among Japanese adults who smoke: Findings from the 2021 International Tobacco Control (ITC) Japan Survey.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Beliefs about thirdhand smoke and voluntary smoking bans in homes and cars: a cross-sectional study in Türkiye, 2023.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Public support for smoke-free policies in outdoor areas and (semi-)private places: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- Smoke-free homes in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic - a nationwide cross-sectional survey.International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health · 2023Article
- Article
- Beliefs of parents in Kuwait about thirdhand smoke and its relation to home smoking rules: A cross-sectional study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2021Article
- Voluntary Smoke-Free Home Rules and Exposure to Secondhand Smoke in Poland: A National Cross-Sectional Survey.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesRecently, the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly passed an ordinance prohibiting smoking in private homes and cars if children are present. However, no previous study has investigated existing, voluntary home and car smoke-free rules in Japan. Therefore, we examined prevalence and determinants of comprehensive home and car smoke-free rules.
designA cross-sectional study.
settingInternet survey data with adjustments using inverse probability weighting for 'being a respondent in an internet survey'.
participants5600 respondents aged 15-69 years in 2015 were analysed to estimate weighted percentages and prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% CIs of having comprehensive home and car smoke-free rules.
main outcome measuresRespondents who answered 'smoking is never allowed' in their home and car were defined as having home and car smoke-free rules.
resultsOverall, 47.0% (95% CI=45.8% to 48.3%) of respondents implemented comprehensive home and car smoke-free rules. People who agreed with 'smoking relieves stress' were less likely to have comprehensive smoke-free rules (PR=0.76, 0.71 to 0.82), especially among ever-users of electronic nicotine delivery systems (PR=0.49, 0.30 to 0.81). Higher education was significantly associated with higher PR for comprehensive smoke-free rules (PR=1.30, 1.19 to 1.41). Living with children was significantly associated with higher PR for smoke-free rules among current smokers than not living with children (PR=2.91, 1.99 to 4.27).
conclusionsIn Japan, about 50% of respondents had voluntary smoke-free rules in the home and car. Information on current voluntary smoke-free rules will be useful as baseline information on home and car smoke-free status before enforcement of the 2018 Tokyo home and car smoke-free legislation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.