Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30842107›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2019

Sex differences and correlates of poor glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in Brazil and Venezuela.

Fernanda G Duarte, Sandra da Silva Moreira, Maria da Conceição C Almeida, Carlos A de Souza Teles, Carine S Andrade, Art L Reingold, Edson D Moreira

Open access · goldAbstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
50citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.4field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 104 citations in OpenAlex.

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  11. The Impact of Age and Sex on Fasting Plasma Glucose and Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) in the Non-diabetes Population.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Fernanda G DuarteDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
Sandra da Silva MoreiraAssociação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Maria da Conceição C AlmeidaLaboratório de Epidemiologia Molecular e Bioestatística, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ-BA, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
Carlos A de Souza TelesLaboratório de Epidemiologia Molecular e Bioestatística, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ-BA, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
Carine S AndradeLaboratório de Epidemiologia Molecular e Bioestatística, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ-BA, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
Art L ReingoldDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
Edson D MoreiraAssociação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz · BRUniversity of California, Berkeley · USUniversidade Federal da Bahia · BR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveExamine whether glycaemic control varies according to sex and whether the latter plays a role in modifying factors associated with inadequate glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Brazil and Venezuela. DESIGN, SETTING AND

participantsThis was a cross-sectional, nationwide survey conducted in Brazil and Venezuela from February 2006 to June 2007 to obtain information about glycaemic control and its determinants in patients with diabetes mellitus attending outpatient clinics.

main outcome measuresHaemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level was measured by liquid chromatography, and patients with HbA1c ≥7.0% (53 mmol/mol) were considered to have inadequate glycaemic control. The association of selected variables with glycaemic control was analysed by multivariate linear regression, using HbA1c as the dependent variable.

resultsA total of 9418 patients with T2D were enrolled in Brazil (n=5692) and in Venezuela (n=3726). They included 6214 (66%) women and 3204 (34%) men. On average, HbA1c levels in women were 0.13 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.24; p=0.015) higher than in men, after adjusting for age, marital status, education, race, country, body mass index, duration of disease, complications, type of healthcare, adherence to diet, adherence to treatment and previous measurement of HbA1c. Sex modified the effect of some factors associated with glycaemic control in patients with T2D in our study, but had no noteworthy effect in others.

conclusionsWomen with T2D had worse glycaemic control than men. Possible causes for poorer glycaemic control in women compared with men include differences in glucose homeostasis, treatment response and psychological factors. In addition, sex modified factors associated with glycaemic control, suggesting the need to develop specific treatment guidelines for men and women.

Indexed as

Sex FactorsAdolescentAdultAgedBlood GlucoseBrazilCross-Sectional StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansHypoglycemic AgentsLinear ModelsMaleMiddle AgedMultivariate AnalysisBlood GlucoseGlycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic Agentsgenderglycemic controltype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID30842107
PMCPMC6429715
OpenAlexW2921676926

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.