ArticleBMC geriatrics2019
The associations of multimorbidity with the sum of annual medical and long-term care expenditures in Japan.
Article in BMC geriatrics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- A preliminary study of a lifetime long-term care costs estimation model based on changes in care level: implications for sustainable long-term care in Japan.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Dental Treatment Discontinuation for Financial Reasons Among Patients with Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study with Non-Cancer Controls.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Ethnic disparities in the relationship between the number of chronic diseases and health status among adults aged ≥45 in Yunnan Province, China.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Differences in Health Care Expenditures by Cancer Patients During Their Last Year of Life: A Registry-Based Study.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Article
- Polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications in older adults who use long-term care services: a cross-sectional study.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- Medical costs of Swedish nursing home residents at the end of life: a retrospective observational registry study.BMC geriatrics · 2024Observational
- Clinical subtypes of older adults starting long-term care in Japan and their association with prognoses: a data-driven cluster analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Acute Effects of Skeletal Muscle Electrical Stimulation on Central and Lower Extremity Hemodynamics.Cureus · 2024Article
- Association between multimorbidity and utilization of medical and long-term care among older adults in a rural mountainous area in Japan.Journal of rural medicine : JRM · 2024Article
- Impact of nurse-led interprofessional work in older patients with heart failure and multimorbidity: A retrospective cohort study.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2024Article
- Association between multimorbidity and informal long-term care use in China: a nationwide cohort study.BMC geriatrics · 2023Article
- Factors associated with non-initiation of osteoporosis pharmacotherapy after hip fracture: analysis of claims data in Japan.Archives of osteoporosis · 2023Article
- Primary care physicians' perspectives and challenges on managing multimorbidity for patients with dementia: a Japan-Michigan qualitative comparative study.BMC primary care · 2023Article
- Prevalence, patterns of multimorbidity and associations with health care utilization among middle-aged and older people in China.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Evaluation of enhanced home care support clinics regarding emergency home visits, hospitalization, and end-of-life care: a retrospective cohort study in a city of Japan.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- Article
- Research trends in the mental health and multimorbidity of older people from 2002 to 2022: A bibliometric analysisFrontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Continuity of diabetes care among elderly Japanese patients: a medical record review study in a specialized diabetes clinic.Diabetology international · 2022Article
- Incidence of interventions for diabetic retinopathy and serious lower-limb complications and its related factors in patients with type 2 diabetes using a real-world large claims database.Diabetology international · 2022Article
- Long-term effectiveness of a disease management program to prevent diabetic nephropathy: a propensity score matching analysis using administrative data in Japan.BMC endocrine disorders · 2022Article
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9 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe occurrence of multimorbidity (i.e., the coexistence of multiple chronic diseases) increases with age in older adults and is a growing concern worldwide. Multimorbidity has been reported to be a driving factor in the increase of medical expenditures in OECD countries. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no published research that has examined the associations between multimorbidity and either long-term care (LTC) expenditure or the sum of medical and LTC expenditures worldwide. We, therefore, aimed to examine the associations of multimorbidity with the sum of medical and LTC expenditures for older adults in Japan.
methodsMedical insurance claims data for adults ≥75 years were merged with LTC insurance claims data from Kashiwa city, a suburb in the Tokyo metropolitan area, for the period between April 2012 and September 2013 to obtain an estimate of medical and LTC expenditures. We also calculated the 2011 updated and reweighted version of the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores. Then, we performed multiple generalized linear regressions to examine the associations of CCI scores (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or ≥ 5) with the sum of annual medical and LTC expenditures, adjusting for age, sex, and household income level.
resultsThe mean sum of annual medical and LTC expenditures was ¥1,086,000 (US$12,340; n = 30,042). Medical and LTC expenditures accounted for 66 and 34% of the sum, respectively. Every increase in one unit of the CCI scores was associated with a ¥257,000 (US$2920); 95% Confidence Interval: ¥242,000, 271,000 (US$2750, 3080) increase in the sum of the expenditures (p < 0.001; n = 29,915).
conclusionsUsing a merged medical and LTC claims dataset, we found that greater CCI scores were associated with a higher sum of annual medical and LTC expenditures for older adults. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the associations of multimorbidity with LTC expenditures or the sum of medical and LTC expenditures worldwide. Our study indicated that the economic burden on society caused by multimorbidity could be better evaluated by the sum of medical and LTC expenditures, rather than medical expenditures alone.
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