ArticlePloS one2019
Ex vivo-expanded highly purified natural killer cells in combination with temozolomide induce antitumor effects in human glioblastoma cells in vitro.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glioma tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy: past, present, and future.Biomarker research · 2025Review
- Natural killer cell-based senotherapy: a promising strategy for healthy aging.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Recent advances in feeder-free NK cell expansion as a future direction of adoptive cell therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Review
- Bulk RNA sequencing reveals the comprehensive genetic characteristics of human cord blood-derived natural killer cells.Regenerative therapy · 2024Article
- Antitumor Effects of Intravenous Natural Killer Cell Infusion in an Orthotopic Glioblastoma Xenograft Murine Model and Gene Expression Profile Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Immunity from NK Cell Subsets Is Important for Vaccine-Mediated Protection in HPV+ Cancers.Vaccines · 2024Article
- An efficient feeder-free and chemically-defined expansion strategy for highly purified natural killer cells derived from human cord blood.Regenerative therapy · 2023Article
- Clinical Applications of Combined Immunotherapy Approaches in Gastrointestinal Cancer: A Case-Based Review.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Therapeutic Anti-KIR Antibody of 1-7F9 Attenuates the Antitumor Effects of Expanded and Activated Human Primary Natural Killer Cells on In Vitro Glioblastoma-like Cells and Orthotopic Tumors Derived Therefrom.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Cell-based therapies for glioblastoma: Promising tools against tumor heterogeneity.Neuro-oncology · 2023Review
- CIS deletion by CRISPR/Cas9 enhances human primary natural killer cell functions against allogeneic glioblastoma.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2023Article
- Review
- Advances in NK cell therapy for brain tumors.NPJ precision oncology · 2023Review
- Natural Killer Cell-Based Immunotherapy against Glioblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Cell-based and cell-free immunotherapies for glioblastoma: current status and future directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Adoptive Immunotherapy: A Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Perspective.Cells, tissues, organs · 2023Review
- Establishment of an efficient ex vivo expansion strategy for human natural killer cells stimulated by defined cytokine cocktail and antibodies against natural killer cell activating receptors.Regenerative therapy · 2022Article
- Advances in NK cell production.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2022Review
- The War Is on: The Immune System against Glioblastoma-How Can NK Cells Drive This Battle?Biomedicines · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the leading malignant glioma with a poor prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the antitumor effects of natural killer cells in combination with temozolomide as the standard chemotherapeutic agent for glioblastoma. Using a simple, feeder-less, and chemically defined culture method, we expanded human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and assessed the receptor expression, natural killer cell activity, and regulatory T cell frequency in expanded cells. Next, using the standard human glioblastoma cell lines (temozolomide-sensitive U87MG, temozolomide-resistant T98G, and LN-18), we assessed the ligand expressions of receptors on natural killer cells. Furthermore, the antitumor effects of the combination of the expanded natural killer cells and temozolomide were assessed using growth inhibition assays, apoptosis detection assays, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity assays in the glioblastoma cell lines. Novel culture systems were sufficient to attain highly purified (>98%), expanded (>440-fold) CD3-/CD56+ peripheral blood-derived natural killer cells. We designated the expanded population as genuine induced natural killer cells. Genuine induced natural killer cells exhibited a high natural killer activity and low regulatory T cell frequency compared with lymphokine-activated killer cells. Growth inhibition assays revealed that genuine induced natural killer cells inhibited the glioblastoma cell line growth but enhanced temozolomide-induced inhibition effects in U87MG. Apoptosis detection assays revealed that genuine induced natural killer cells induced apoptosis in the glioblastoma cell lines. Furthermore, senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity assays revealed that temozolomide induced senescence in U87MG. Genuine induced natural killer cells induce apoptosis in temozolomide-sensitive and temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma cells and enhances temozolomide-induced antitumor effects in different mechanisms. Hence, the combination of genuine induced natural killer cells and temozolomide may prove to be a promising immunochemotherapeutic approach in patients with glioblastoma if the antitumor effects in vivo can be demonstrated.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.