ReviewInfection2019
AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales: what a clinician should know.
Review in Infection, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 107 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
107 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 189 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guideline for antimicrobial treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections: practice recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases.The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious DiseasesGuideline
- Molecular epidemiological analysis of a suspected nosocomial outbreak of carbapenem-resistantInfection prevention in practice · 2026Article
- Occult gram-negative bacterial colonization of explanted alloplastic implants incidentally detected during revision rhinoplasty: a microbiologically confirmed case report.International journal of surgery case reports · 2026Article
- Insights into antimicrobial resistance: dissemination and molecular epidemiology of carbapenemase and AmpC genes in uropathogenic Escherichia coli.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales in commercial laying and free-range hens (Gallus gallus domesticus) under semiarid conditions of the Caatinga biome.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2026Article
- Species identification and genotyping ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Genomic and molecular characterisation of a KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolate resistant to meropenem-vaborbactam, imipenem-relebactam, and ceftazidime-avibactam.BMC genomic data · 2026Article
- Emergence and Spread of Carbapenem Antimicrobial Resistance: A Review on Mechanism of Drug Resistance and Laboratory Detection.Annals of African medicine · 2026Review
- Pathogenicity and Antimicrobial-Resistance Profiles of Escherichia coli Isolated From Faeces of Tibetan Pigs Reared Under Intensive Conditions.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Article
- Nanomotion-enabled ultra-rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing with magnetic bead-based pathogen enrichment for accelerated sepsis diagnostics.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Genomic characterization of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strains identified from patients with urinary tract infection in Egypt.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Unraveling Genetic Diversity and Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms in Citrobacter freundii Isolates From Meat Products: Implications for Food Safety and Public Health.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Article
- Neonatal pneumocephalus secondary to meningitis: a case report and literature review.BMC pediatrics · 2025Review
- Periprosthetic joint infection after arthroplasty: advances and future prospects.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Review
- Correlation between the mutation rates for ampC derepression and species or ampC genotypes in Enterobacter cloacae complex.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Should Cefoxitin Non-Susceptibility in Ceftriaxone-SusceptibleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Cefepime Versus Carbapenem Therapy for the Treatment of Invasive Infections With Inducible Chromosomal AmpC-Producing Enterobacterales: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Interaction of the SXT/R391 element ICEMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Article
- Molecular epidemiology and β-lactam resistance mechanisms ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEnterobacterales are among the most common causes of bacterial infections in the community and among hospitalized patients, and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains have emerged as a major threat to human health. Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins is typical of MDRs, being mainly due to the production of extended spectrum β-lactamases or AmpC-type β-lactamases.
objectiveThe objective of this paper is to review the epidemiological impact, diagnostic issues and treatment options with AmpC producers.
findingsAmpC enzymes encoded by resident chromosomal genes (cAmpCs) are produced by some species (e.g., Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter freundii, Serratia marcescens), while plasmid-encoded AmpCs (pAmpCs) can be encountered also in species that normally do not produce cAmpCs (e.g., Salmonella enterica, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca) or produce them at negligible levels (e.g., Escherichia coli). Production of AmpCs can be either inducible or constitutive, resulting in different resistance phenotypes. Strains producing cAmpCs in an inducible manner (e.g., Enterobacter spp.) usually appear susceptible to third-generation cephalosporins, which are poor inducers, but can easily yield mutants constitutively producing the enzyme which are resistant to these drugs (which are good substrates), resulting in treatment failures. pAmpCs are usually constitutively expressed. Production of pAmpCs is common in community-acquired infections, while cAmpC producers are mainly involved in healthcare-associated infections.
conclusionsTo date, there is no conclusive evidence about the most appropriate treatment for AmpC-producing Enterobacterales. Carbapenems are often the preferred option, especially for severe infections in which adequate source control is not achieved, but cefepime is also supported by substantial clinical evidences as an effective carbapenem-sparing option.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.