ReviewImmune network2019
Age-related Autoimmune Changes in Lacrimal Glands.
Review in Immune network, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Canine Tear Proteomics: A New Frontier in Veterinary Ophthalmology.Veterinary ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Lute-GenAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Activation of PPARγ Attenuates Age-Related Lacrimal Gland Dysfunction by Alleviating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Ferroptosis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Immuno-inflammatory axis of menopausal dry eye: from hormonal fluctuations to ocular surface dysregulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Immunobiology of Dry Eye Disease: A Review of the Pathogenesis, Regulation and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Aging Affects Lipid Homeostasis in Lacrimal Glands by Upregulating Lipogenesis and Changing Its Specificity.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Exploring the transformative effects of calorie restriction on the lacrimal gland in adult mice.GeroScience · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of Age-Associated Changes in Meibum Composition, Distribution, and Function in Mice With Altered Hyaluronan Expression.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Chlorogenic acid attenuates oxidative damage in rat lacrimal gland epithelial cells via PI3K/AKT/FoxO3 signaling: network pharmacology and experimental evidence.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Melatonin Alleviates Age-Related Lacrimal Gland Dysfunction Via SIRT-1/NLRP3 Pathway.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Applications of Royal Jelly for Ocular Surface Diseases: A Comprehensive Review.Journal of ophthalmic & vision research · 2025Review
- Integrated tear proteomics define the molecular blueprint of corneal epithelial repair.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2025Article
- PINK1/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy Ameliorates Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Lacrimal Gland Acinar Cells During Aging.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- The Aging Lacrimal Gland of Female C57BL/6J Mice Exhibits Multinucleate Macrophage Infiltration Associated With Lipid Dysregulation.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Age-Related Differences in the Mouse Corneal Epithelial Transcriptome and Their Impact on Corneal Wound Healing.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Animal Models in Eye Research: Focus on Corneal Pathologies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Mechanisms of Extraorbital Lacrimal Gland Aging in Mice: An Integrative Analysis of the Temporal Transcriptome.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Obstruction of the Tear Drainage Altered Lacrimal Gland Structure and Function.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Heterochronic Parabiosis Causes Dacryoadenitis in Young Lacrimal Glands.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Ectopic lymphoid structures in the aged lacrimal glands.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Aging is a complex process associated with dysregulation of the immune system and low levels of inflammation, often associated with the onset of many pathologies. The lacrimal gland (LG) plays a vital role in the maintenance of ocular physiology and changes related to aging directly affect eye diseases. The dysregulation of the immune system in aging leads to quantitative and qualitative changes in antibodies and cytokines. While there is a gradual decline of the immune system, there is an increase in autoimmunity, with a reciprocal pathway between low levels of inflammation and aging mechanisms. Elderly C57BL/6J mice spontaneously show LGs infiltration that is characterized by Th1 but not Th17 cells. The aging of the LG is related to functional alterations, reduced innervation and decreased secretory activities. Lymphocytic infiltration, destruction, and atrophy of glandular parenchyma, ductal dilatation, and secretion of inflammatory mediators modify the volume and composition of tears. Oxidative stress, the capacity to metabolize and eliminate toxic substances decreased in aging, is also associated with the reduction of LG functionality and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Although further studies are required for a better understanding of autoimmunity and aging of the LG, we described anatomic and immunology aspects that have been described so far.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.