ReviewBreathe (Sheffield, England)2019
Under- and over-diagnosis of COPD: a global perspective.
Review in Breathe (Sheffield, England), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 115 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 198 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Burden of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the US: A Systematic Review of Nationally Representative Health Surveys.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Pooled it
- Lung Cancer Risk in US Adults with COPD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Pooled it
- Undiagnosed and 'overdiagnosed' COPD using postbronchodilator spirometry in primary healthcare settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open respiratory research · 2023Pooled it
- Accuracy of portable spirometers in the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease A meta-analysis.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Performance of alternative COPD case-finding tools: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2021Pooled it
- Risk factors for bronchiectasis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- Two-Year Outcomes for the Double-Blind, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Study of Targeted Lung Denervation in Patients with Moderate to Severe COPD: AIRFLOW-2.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2020Trial
- Feasibility of opportunistic screening for preserved ratio impaired spirometry using chest radiography-based deep learning models.European journal of radiology open · 2026Article
- Article
- Global, regional, and national trends in burden of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and associated risk factors, 1990-2021: results from the global burden of disease study 2021.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- COPD stage progression and regression: a multistate transition analysis of the COPDGene cohort.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- The importance of office spirometry in guiding the management of patients with chronic airway disorders in primary care.BMC primary care · 2026Article
- Medical gases and long-term oxygen therapy: reducing the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease burden in aging populations in Sub-Saharan Africa.Medical gas research · 2026Review
- Mitigating chronic respiratory disease through the lens of multimorbidity: the MARES mixed-methods study protocol.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Skin advanced glycation end-products do not predict pulmonary function trajectories in adults from the ILERVAS cohort.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Mortality trends in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 27 countries within Europe from 2011 to 2021.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Article
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Globally, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth major cause of mortality and morbidity and projected to rise to third within a decade as our efforts to prevent, identify, diagnose and treat patients at a global population level have been insufficient. The European Respiratory Society and American Thoracic Society, along with the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) strategy document, have highlighted key pathological risk factors and suggested clinical treatment strategies in order to reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with COPD. This review focuses solely on issues related to the under- and over-diagnosis of COPD across the main geographical regions of the world and highlights some of the associated risk factors. Prevalence of COPD obtained mainly from epidemiological studies varies greatly depending on the clinical and spirometric criteria used to diagnose COPD, KEY POINTS: Globally, there is large variation in the prevalence of COPD, with 10-95% under-diagnosis and 5-60% over-diagnosis (table 1) due to differences in the definition of diagnosis used, and the unavailability of spirometry in rural areas of low- and middle-income countries where the prevalence of COPD is likely to be high.In order to be diagnosed with COPD, patients must have a combination of symptoms with irreversible airflow obstruction defined by a post-bronchodilator FEV EDUCATIONAL
aimsTo summarise the global prevalence of over- and under-diagnosis of COPD.To highlight the risk factors associated with the under- and over-diagnosis of COPD.To update readers on the key changes in the recent progress made regarding the correct diagnosis of COPD.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.