ArticlePsychiatry investigation2019
Peripheral Biomarkers for First-Episode Psychosis-Opportunities from the Neuroinflammatory Hypothesis of Schizophrenia.
Article in Psychiatry investigation, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inflammatory cytokine alterations in genetic and clinical high risk groups of psychosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Psychological medicine · 2026Pooled it
- On the proportion of patients who experience a prodrome prior to psychosis onset: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Increased C-reactive protein concentration and suicidal behavior in people with psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2021Pooled it
- Peripheral Blood-Based Gene Expression Studies in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Pooled it
- The Role of Peripheral Inflammation in Clinical Outcome and Brain Imaging Abnormalities in Psychosis: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Integrated alterations in inflammation, endothelial function, and extracellular matrix pathways in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Adolescent anodal tDCS ameliorates behavioral deficits and microglial abnormalities in a maternal immune activation mouse model of schizophrenia.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Antipsychotics lower peripheral markers of inflammation in drug-naïve early psychosis: a pilot study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Associations between serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha, hippocampal-prefrontal-ventricular volumes, and clinical profiles in schizophrenia: a biomarker and neuroimaging study in North Sumatera, Indonesia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Clinical Relevance of Peripheral Interleukins in Drug-Naive First-Episode Psychosis: Symptom-Specific Associations from the PANSS Dimensions.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Changes in schizophrenia symptoms, tryptophan metabolism, neuroinflammation and the GABA-glutamate loop: A pilot study.The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa · 2025Article
- White matter lipidome alterations in the schizophrenia brain.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Impact of second-generation antipsychotics monotherapy or combined therapy in cytokine, lymphocyte subtype, and thyroid antibodies for schizophrenia: a retrospective study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- The Pathophysiological Underpinnings of Gamma-Band Alterations in Psychiatric Disorders.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The complement system in neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Review
- Peripheral immunity and risk of incident brain disorders: a prospective cohort study of 161,968 participants.Translational psychiatry · 2023Article
- Multivariate analyses of immune markers reveal increases in plasma EN-RAGE in first-episode psychosis patients.Translational psychiatry · 2023Article
- Potential role between inflammatory cytokines and Tie-2 receptor levels and clinical symptoms in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- A machine learning approach on whole blood immunomarkers to identify an inflammation-associated psychosis onset subgroup.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Article
- Serum Inflammatory Markers and Integrity of the Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus and the Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus in Schizophrenia, from Prodromal Stages to Chronic Psychosis-A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveSchizophrenia is a disabling disorder of unknown aetiology, lacking definite diagnostic method and cure. A reliable biological marker of schizophrenia is highly demanded, for which traceable immune mediators in blood could be promising candidates. We aimed to gather the best findings of neuroinflammatory markers for first-episode psychosis (FEP).
methodsWe performed an extensive narrative review of online literature on inflammation-related markers found in human FEP patients only.
resultsChanges to cytokine levels have been increasingly reported in schizophrenia. The peripheral levels of IL-1 (or its receptor antagonist), soluble IL-2 receptor, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α have been frequently reported as increased in FEP, in a suggestive continuum from high-risk stages for psychosis. Microglia and astrocytes establish the link between this immune signalling and the synthesis of noxious tryptophan catabolism products, that cause structural damage and directly hamper normal neurotransmission. Amongst these, only 3-hydroxykynurenine has been consistently described in the blood of FEP patients.
conclusionPeripheral molecules stemming from brain inflammation might provide insightful biomarkers of schizophrenia, as early as FEP or even prodromal phases, although more time- and clinically-adjusted studies are essential for their validation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.