ArticleContemporary clinical trials communications2019
Rationale and design of the frequency of eating and Satiety Hormones (FRESH) study: A randomized cross-over clinical trial.
Article in Contemporary clinical trials communications, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Objective and subjective appetite measures: high versus low eating frequency in a randomized crossover clinical trial.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2025Trial
- No Effect of High Eating Frequency Compared with Low Eating Frequency on Appetite and Inflammation Biomarkers: Results from a Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial.The Journal of nutrition · 2024Trial
- Associations of Number of Daily Eating Occasions with Type 2 Diabetes Risk in the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial.Current developments in nutrition · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe goal of the Frequency of Eating and Satiety Hormones (FRESH) Study is to understand the relationship between eating frequency (EF) and biomarkers of appetite and disease risk. This report gives the study rationale and design.
methodsThe FRESH study was conducted in n = 50 overweight and obese, but otherwise healthy, male and female adults aged 18-50 years. The protocol included four in-person clinic visits for protocol instruction, blood draws, anthropometry, and meal testing; all other activities were done at home. Participants completed two 21-day phases in random order with a two-week washout between phases. One phase was high EF (6 eating occasions/day) and the other was low EF (3 eating occasions/day). Each phase specified time of day for each eating occasion. Participants prepared their own meals throughout the study using study-provided individualized, structured meal plans ensuring that calories, macronutrients and micronutrients were identical during both study phases. Fasting blood was collected before and after each phase to test intervention effects on the biomarkers. At the end of each phase participants also completed extended appetite testing with meals prepared by the study clinic.
resultsParticipants were recruited using print, radio, and digital ads. 60 participants consented to enroll; 10 dropped out due to work or school scheduling conflicts and 50 (target sample size) completed the study. Compliance was assessed by completion of daily on-line meal plan checklists.
conclusionsThe FRESH study will provide data on whether higher vs. lower daily EF in the context of constant energy and nutrient intake may be harmful or beneficial based on intervention effects on biomarkers of health and disease risk.
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