ReviewTherapeutic advances in neurological disorders2019
Evolution of clinical trials in multiple sclerosis.
Review in Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta-analysis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Association of NEDA-4 With No Long-term Disability Progression in Multiple Sclerosis and Comparison With NEDA-3: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanistic Considerations Across Relapsing and Progressive Disease.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Magnetization transfer MRI (MT-MRI) detects white matter damage beyond the primary site of compression in degenerative cervical myelopathy using a novel semi-automated analysis.Computers in biology and medicine · 2025Article
- Choosing initial MS therapy; personal, disease, and medication factors.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Review
- Towards a biological view of multiple sclerosis from early subtle to clinical progression: an expert opinion.Journal of neurology · 2025Review
- Nano-healing: Exploring the Therapeutic Potentials of Nanomedicine for CNS Disorders.Current pharmaceutical design · 2025Review
- Article
- Association of Clinical Relapses With Disease Outcomes in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Older Than 50 Years.Neurology · 2024Article
- A backpack-based myeloid cell therapy for multiple sclerosis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Enhancing the functionality of self-assembled immune signals using chemical crosslinks.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Health economic outcomes of switching to alemtuzumab from other disease-modifying therapies in people with multiple sclerosis in the USA.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2023Observational
- Analysis of frequency and severity of relapses in multiple sclerosis patients treated with cladribine tablets or placebo: The CLARITY and CLARITY Extension studies.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2022Article
- Efficacy of Disease Modifying Therapies in Progressive MS and How Immune Senescence May Explain Their Failure.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- Ponesimod in the Treatment of Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis: An Update on the Emerging Clinical Data.Degenerative neurological and neuromuscular disease · 2022Review
- First-line therapies in late-onset multiple sclerosis: An Italian registry study.European journal of neurology · 2021Observational
- Implications of FDA Approval of a First Disease-Modifying Therapy for a Neurodegenerative Disease on the Design of Subsequent Clinical Trials.Neurology · 2021Article
- The relevance of multiple sclerosis cortical lesions on cortical thinning and their clinical impact as assessed by 7.0-T MRI.Journal of neurology · 2021Article
- Predictors of Health Utility in Relapsing-Remitting and Secondary-Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Future Economic Models of Disease-Modifying Therapies.PharmacoEconomics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clinical trials have advanced the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) by demonstrating the safety and efficacy of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). This review discusses major changes to MS clinical trials in the era of DMTs. As treatment options for MS continue to increase, patients in modern MS trials present earlier and with milder disease compared with historic MS populations. While placebo-controlled trials for some questions may still be relevant, DMT trials in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) are no longer ethical. The replacement of the placebo arm by an active comparator arm in trials have raised the cost of trials by requiring larger sample sizes to detect on-study changes in treatment effects. Efforts to improve trial efficiency in RRMS have focused on exploring adaptive designs and relying on sensitive magnetic resonance imaging measures of disease activity. In trials for progressive forms of MS (PMS), the lack of sensitive outcome measures that can be used in shorter-term trials have delayed the development of effective treatments. Recent shifting of the focus to advancing trials in PMS has identified paraclinical outcome measurements with improved potential, and the testing of agents for neuroprotection and remyelination is in progress.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.