Use of vasopressor for dialysis-related hypotension is a risk factor for death in hemodialysis patients: Nationwide cohort study.

Because hypotension during hemodialysis (HD) makes continuation of HD difficult and is associated with mortality, pressor approaches are necessary for patients with hypotension. However, the relationships between the pressor approaches and the risk of death have not been clarified yet. We analyzed data from a nationwide prospective cohort study of the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy Renal Data Registry (n = 29,309). The outcome was all-cause one-year death. The association between the use of pressor approaches and the outcome was examined using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for baseline characteristics, propensity score matched analysis and Bayesian networks. The background features of the patients were as follows: male, 59.6%; average age, 64.5 ± 12.5 years; and patients with diabetes mellitus, 31.5%. The pressor group showed a higher risk of the outcome than the control group [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.33 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.47), p = 0.0001]. Propensity score matched analysis also showed that the matched-pressor group had a higher risk of the outcome than the matched-control group [aHR 1.30 (95% CI: 1.17, 1.45), p = 0.0001]. Moreover, the Bayesian network showed a direct causal relationship from the use of pressor approaches to the outcome. The use of oral vasopressors [aHR 1.20 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.35), p = 0.0018], intravenous injection of vasopressors [aHR 1.54 (95% CI: 1.32, 1.79), p = 0.0001] and normal saline [aHR 1.18 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.33), p = 0.0066] were associated with a high risk of the outcome. In conclusion, this study showed that the use of pressor approaches during HD may be an independent risk factor for death.