Observational studyDiabetes care2019
Long-term Association of Depression Symptoms and Antidepressant Medication Use With Incident Cardiovascular Events in the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) Clinical Trial of Weight Loss in Type 2 Diabetes.
Observational study in Diabetes care, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiovascular mortality and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association with antidepressant treatment and co-morbidity.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2026Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Depression in Type 2 Diabetes Patients in China.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Depression severity and cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: insights from the framingham risk score.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Beers Criteria Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use and Associated Factors among Three US Studies.Drugs & aging · 2026Article
- Self-care activities mediate self-perceived burden and depression in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Depression and diabetic retinopathy: an underexplored connection.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Relationships of Multidimensional Factors to Diabetes Complications: A Cross-Sectional, Correlational Study.Western journal of nursing research · 2024Article
- Associations of comorbid depression with cardiovascular-renal events and all-cause mortality accounting for patient reported outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a 6-year prospective analysis of the Hong Kong Diabetes Register.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Timely referral to health centers for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases: IraPEN national program.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Path Analysis of Influencing Factors of Depression in Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients with Diabetes.Patient preference and adherence · 2023Article
- Depressive Symptoms and Incident Hospitalization for Heart Failure: Findings From the REGARDS Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Article
- Comorbidity of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Depression: Clinical Evidence and Rationale for the Exacerbation of Cardiovascular Disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
- Effect of depression on progression to end-stage renal disease or pre-end-stage renal disease death in advanced diabetic nephropathy: A prospective cohort study of the Diabetes Study from the Center of Tokyo Women's Medical University.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2022Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of depression in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2021Article
- Changes in mood and health-related quality of life in Look AHEAD 6 years after termination of the lifestyle intervention.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2021Article
- Association between depressive symptoms and pulse wave velocity is mediated by increased adiposity in older adults with type 2 diabetes.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN · 2021Article
- Roles of Anxiety and Depression in Predicting Cardiovascular Disease Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Machine Learning Approach.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- NHS Health Checks for people with mental ill-health 2013-2017: an observational study.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2020 · on this mapObservational
- Association between mental health comorbidity and health outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Effectiveness of nurse-led program on mental health status and quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure.Medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine whether depression symptoms or antidepressant medication (ADM) use predicts the probability of cardiovascular events in overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsPreplanned analyses of depression and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) were performed in the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) weight loss trial after a median follow-up of 9.6 years. Depression symptoms, assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), were analyzed both as a continuous and dichotomized variable (BDI score <10 or ≥10). ADM use was coded from participants' prescription medications. Four composite CVD outcomes were defined in the study protocol. Sex-stratified Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for a range of baseline covariates.
resultsDepression symptoms were only significantly associated with a composite secondary outcome comprising CVD death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, hospitalized angina, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery bypass graft, and carotid endarterectomy. Significant sex interactions were observed for BDI score and BDI score ≥10. BDI score was significantly associated with higher probability of this composite outcome in men but was not associated with the outcome in women. BDI score ≥10 was positively associated with this composite outcome in men but was negatively associated in women. Exploratory analysis identified a significant BDI ≥10 × ADM use interaction for this composite outcome that differed in men versus women. Men with both BDI score ≥10 and ADM use compared with those with neither had 60% higher probability of the outcome, whereas women with both compared with those with neither had 50% lower probability.
conclusionsSex differences in the association of depression symptoms and ADM use with incident CVD warrant further investigation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.