ArticleBMJ open2019
Global prevalence of diabetic retinopathy: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 175 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Integrating mass spectrometry imaging and data-driven segmentation for spatial metabolic mapping of diabetic eye disease.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Article
- The Role of Ferroptosis in Diabetes Pathogenesis: Therapeutic Implications of Hydrogen Sulfide and Its Reactive Metabolites.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Tree shrew model of early diabetic retinopathy reveals microvascular dysfunction and identifies phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 as a novel therapeutic target.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Emerging role of circular RNAs in diabetic retinopathy.The Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology · 2025Review
- Assessment of Baseline Ultrawidefield Fluorescein Angiographic Quantitative Leakage Parameters with Ultrawidefield Fundus Features and Clinical Parameters in Diabetic Retinopathy in Protocol AA.Ophthalmology. Retina · 2025Observational
- Economic burden of avoidable blindness due to diabetic macular edema in Ecuador.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Redefining cell death: ferroptosis as a game-changer in ophthalmology.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Recent advances and prospects of nanoparticle-based drug delivery for diabetic ocular complications.Theranostics · 2025Review
- Perceptions of diabetic retinopathy patients on the management of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in South Tarawa, Kiribati: A qualitative study.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Challenges in AAV-Based Retinal Gene Therapies and the Role of Magnetic Nanoparticle Platforms.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Maculopathies: A Systematic Literature Review on Pathophysiology, Public Health, and Treatment.Cureus · 2024Review
- Association of diabetic retinopathy on all-cause and cause-specific mortality in older adults with diabetes: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2008.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A reliable diabetic retinopathy grading via transfer learning and ensemble learning with quadratic weighted kappa metric.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2024Article
- Influential Factors for Self-Management Among Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy: A Structural Equation Model Analysis.Patient preference and adherence · 2024Article
- Explainable Artificial Intelligence Paves the Way in Precision Diagnostics and Biomarker Discovery for the Subclass of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetics.Metabolites · 2023Article
- Genomic profile of diabetic retinopathy in a north indian cohort.Molecular biology reports · 2023Article
- Retinal inflammation in murine models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes with diabetic retinopathy.Diabetologia · 2023Article
- Ferroptosis: mechanisms and advances in ocular diseases.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2023Review
- Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionWith increasing diabetes trends worldwide, morbidity, mortality and associated costs due to diabetes-related complications are a global public health concern. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is among the leading causes of vision loss at the global level; accurate estimates of DR burden is of crucial importance for planning, implementing and evaluating DR prevention and care interventions.The available evidence on DR prevalence at the global level, dating back to 2008, only considered data from selected regions. Taking into account the rapidly changing patterns in DR epidemiology, the aim of the current study is to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis to derive solid and updated estimates on global and setting-specific DR prevalence. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The systematic review methods have been defined following PRISMA guidelines. Studies published from 2008 through 2018 will be identified searching the electronic databases Embase, Medline, Cochrane, ISI Web of Knowledge, as well as through grey literature search. Retrieved records will be independently screened by two authors and relevant data will be extracted from studies reporting data on DR prevalence among individuals with diabetes. Prevalence pooled estimates of any form of DR and vision-threatening DR will be computed applying random-effects meta-analysis. Interstudy heterogeneity will be assessed using the I ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval is not required as this is a review of anonymised published data. Findings of the final report will be shared with the scientific community through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentation at conferences, as well as with key stakeholders, including national and international health authorities, health policy makers, healthcare professionals and the general population. CLINICAL
trial registrationCRD42018085260.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.