ReviewRespiratory research2019
The pathology of small airways disease in COPD: historical aspects and future directions.
Review in Respiratory research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 135 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
135 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 234 citations in OpenAlex.
- GOLD Science Committee recommendations for the use of pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry for the diagnosis of COPD.The European respiratory journal · 2025Guideline
- Spirometry parameters used to define small airways obstruction in population-based studies: systematic review.Respiratory research · 2022Pooled it
- Small Airways Response to Bronchodilators in Adults with Asthma or COPD: A Systematic Review.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseasePooled it
- Efficacy and safety of single-inhaler extrafine triple therapy versus inhaled corticosteroid plus long-acting beta2 agonist in eastern Asian patients with COPD: the TRIVERSYTI randomised controlled trial.Respiratory research · 2021Trial
- The TRIFLOW study: a randomised, cross-over study evaluating the effects of extrafine beclometasone/formoterol/glycopyrronium on gas trapping in COPD.Respiratory research · 2020Trial
- Comparison of Dry-Powder Inhaler and Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhaler Formulations of Extrafine Beclomethasone Dipropionate/Formoterol Fumarate/Glycopyrronium in Patients with COPD: The TRI-D Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseTrial
- Lung Function-Based Assessment of Small Airway Dysfunction in Chronic Respiratory Diseases.Biology · 2026Review
- Current smoking and COPD are associated with differentiation-dependent secretory and inflammatory programs in airway basal cells.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Uncovering underdiagnosed emphysema: comparative assessment using clinical CT and micro-CT.European radiology · 2026Article
- Airway cell-cell communication in smoking through integration of spatial and single-cell transcriptomics.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Clinical Significance of Reduced Forced Expiratory Volume in 3 Seconds to Forced Expiratory Volume in 6 Seconds in Adults.Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (Miami, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Regenerative therapeutics for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- Investigating sarcopenia and mucus plugging by chest computed tomography in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Small Airway Dysfunction in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Pathology: Assessment and Clinical Implications.Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2026Article
- Human iPSC-derived airway models enable comparative analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthy and COPD bronchial epithelium.iScience · 2026Article
- Dysregulated iron metabolism associates with neutrophilic airway inflammation in COPD.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2026Article
- Bronchial epithelial-derived exosomal SLC6A14 promotes airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion via the ZFP36L1/IL-8 axis.Functional & integrative genomics · 2026Article
- Prolonged expiratory time constant and risk of moderate-to-severe exacerbations in stable COPD.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The Influence of Smoking on Respiratory Function in Medical Students at the University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu-Mureș.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Electroacupuncture modulates gut-lung microbiota and lung EMT to attenuate airway remodeling in COPD.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
75 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Small airways disease (SAD) is a cardinal feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) first recognized in the nineteenth century. The diverse histopathological features associated with SAD underpin the heterogeneous nature of COPD. Our understanding of the key molecular mechanisms which drive the pathological changes are not complete. In this article we will provide a historical overview of key histopathological studies which have helped shape our understanding of SAD and discuss the hallmark features of airway remodelling, mucous plugging and inflammation. We focus on the relationship between SAD and emphysema, SAD in the early stages of COPD, and the mechanisms which cause SAD progression, including bacterial colonization and exacerbations. We discuss the need to specifically target SAD to attenuate the progression of COPD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.