Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30831180›Full record

ArticlePhysiology & behavior2019

Both increases and decreases in energy density lead to sustained changes in preschool children's energy intake over 5 days.

Alissa D Smethers, Liane S Roe, Christine E Sanchez, Faris M Zuraikat, Kathleen L Keller, Barbara J Rolls

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Physiology & behavior, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  7. Review
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  15. Oral Processing, Satiation and Obesity: Overview and Hypotheses.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2021
    Review
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  19. "Food" and "non-food" self-regulation in childhood: a review and reciprocal analysis.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2020
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  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Alissa D SmethersDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Liane S RoeDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Christine E SanchezDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Faris M ZuraikatDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Kathleen L KellerDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Barbara J RollsDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. Electronic address: bjr4@psu.edu.

Funding

Strategies to Moderate Energy Intake for the Prevention of Obesity in ChildrenR01DK082580 · NIDDK · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI ROLLS, BARBARA JEAN · 2009 to 2019
$3.6M
NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK082580
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectiveTo investigate preschool children's ability to self-regulate their energy intake, we assessed their response to increases or decreases in dietary energy density (ED) over 5 consecutive days, a period likely long enough for compensatory behavior.

methodsUsing a crossover design, over 3 periods we served the same 5 daily menus to 49 children aged 3-5 y in their childcare centers. During each 5-day period, 3 main dishes and 1 snack per day were systematically varied in ED, from baseline ED to either higher ED (increased by 20%) or lower ED (decreased by 20%). All of the served items were weighed to determine individual intakes.

resultsModifying the ED of 4 dishes per day had a significant and sustained effect on preschool children's daily energy intake across 5 days. In the baseline condition, children's intakes were similar to daily energy needs (98 ± 2%), but serving higher-ED foods increased energy intake by 84 ± 16 kcal/d (to 105 ± 2% of needs) and serving lower-ED foods decreased energy intake by 72 ± 17 kcal/d (to 89 ± 2% of needs; both P < .0001). The patterns of daily energy intake over the 5 days did not differ across conditions (P = .20), thus there was no evidence that either surfeits or deficits in energy intake led to adjustment over this time period. Furthermore, the response to ED varied, as children with a higher weight status had greater amounts of overconsumption when served higher-ED foods and of underconsumption when served lower-ED foods compared to children with a lower weight status.

conclusionsThese findings counter the suggestion that preschool children's regulatory systems can be relied on to adjust intake in response to energy imbalances. Increasing or decreasing the ED of several foods per day leads to sustained changes in the energy intake of preschool children.

Indexed as

Child Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaChild, PreschoolCross-Over StudiesDietEnergy IntakeEnergy MetabolismFeeding BehaviorFemaleHumansMaleEating behaviorEnergy densityEnergy intakeEnergy regulationPreschool children

Identifiers

PMID30831180
PMCPMC6475467

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.