Trial reportPLoS neglected tropical diseases2019
Insecticide-impregnated dog collars reduce infantile clinical visceral leishmaniasis under operational conditions in NW Iran: A community-wide cluster randomised trial.
Trial report in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sand fly synthetic sex-aggregation pheromone co-located with insecticide reduces the incidence of infection in the canine reservoir of visceral leishmaniasis: A stratified cluster randomised trial.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Trial
- Integrating zooprophylaxis, insecticide-treated livestock and mosquito nets for malaria control: a One Health proposal.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2026Review
- Changes in serological, inflammatory, and serum protein electrophoretic markers during ongoing meglumine antimoniate plus allopurinol therapy in canine leishmaniosis.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- A comprehensive review of biological and genetic control approaches for leishmaniasis vector sand flies; emphasis towards promoting tools for integrated vector management.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Review
- Dogs as Reservoirs for Leishmania donovani, Bihar, India, 2018-2022.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Insecticide-impregnated dog collars for the control of visceral leishmaniasis: evaluation of the susceptibility of field Lutzomyia longipalpis populations to deltamethrin.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Clinical anemia predicts dermal parasitism and reservoir infectiousness during progressive visceral leishmaniosis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Accelerating Progress Towards the 2030 Neglected Tropical Diseases Targets: How Can Quantitative Modeling Support Programmatic Decisions?Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Article
- Neglected tropical disease (NTD) diagnostics: current development and operations to advance control.Pathogens and global health · 2024Review
- Article
- Elevated and sustained anti-feeding effect of Scalibor® deltamethrin collar against the sand fly Phlebotomus perniciosus in dogs confirmed for 1 year following treatment.Medical and veterinary entomology · 2022Article
- Insecticidal efficacy against Phlebotomus perniciosus in dogs treated orally with fluralaner in two different parallel-group, negative-control, random and masked trials.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Chemical control and insecticide resistance status of sand fly vectors worldwide.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Review
- Community deployment of a synthetic pheromone of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis co-located with insecticide reduces vector abundance in treated and neighbouring untreated houses: Implications for control of Leishmania infantum.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- The importance of vector control for the control and elimination of vector-borne diseases.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Review
- Canine Leishmaniasis Control in the Context of One Health.Emerging infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Failure of the dog culling strategy in controlling human visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: A screening coverage issue?PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the effectiveness of community-wide deployment of insecticide-impregnated collars for dogs- the reservoir of Leishmania infantum-to reduce infantile clinical visceral leishmaniasis (VL).
methodsA pair matched-cluster randomised controlled trial involving 40 collared and 40 uncollared control villages (161 [95% C.L.s: 136, 187] children per cluster), was designed to detect a 55% reduction in 48 month confirmed VL case incidence. The intervention study was designed by the authors, but implemented by the Leishmaniasis Control Program in NW Iran, from 2002 to 2006.
resultsThe collars provided 50% (95% C.I. 17·8%-70·0%) protection against infantile VL incidence (0·95/1000/yr compared to 1·75/1000/yr). Reductions in incidence were observed across 76% (22/29) of collared villages compared to pair-matched control villages, with 31 fewer cases by the end of the trial period. In 11 paired villages, no further cases were recorded post-intervention, whereas in 7 collared villages there were 9 new clinical cases relative to controls. Over the trial period, 6,835 collars were fitted at the beginning of the 4 month sand fly season, of which 6.9% (95% C.I. 6.25%, 7.56%) were lost but rapidly replaced. Collar coverage (percent dogs collared) per village varied between 66% and 100%, with a mean annual coverage of 87% (95% C.I. 84·2, 89·0%). The variation in post-intervention clinical VL incidence was not associated with collar coverage, dog population size, implementation logistics, dog owner compliance, or other demographic variables tested. Larger reductions and greater persistence in incident case numbers (indicative of transmission) were observed in villages with higher pre-existing VL case incidence.
conclusionCommunity-wide deployment of collars can provide a significant level of protection against infantile clinical VL, achieved in this study by the local VL Control Program, demonstrating attributes desirable of a sustainable public health program. The effectiveness is not dissimilar to the community-level protection provided against human and canine infection with L. infantum.
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