Trial reportNursing research
Efficacy of a Breastfeeding Pain Self-Management Intervention: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.
Trial report in Nursing research. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 14 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Promoting Self-Management of Breast and Nipple Pain With Technology (PROMPT) for Breastfeeding Women Study
The Effects of the Breastfeeding Problems Management Model (BPMM) on Breastfeeding Problems, Breastfeeding Motivation and Breastfeeding Success: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Interventions for breastfeeding-related nipple pain or injury: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Pooled it
- Non-pharmacological management of infant and young child procedural pain.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Remote provision of breastfeeding support and education: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Maternal & child nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- OXTR rs53576 Variation with Breast and Nipple Pain in Breastfeeding Women.Pain management nursing : official journal of the American Society of Pain Management Nurses · 2021Trial
- Perceptions of Coping With Breastfeeding Pain: A Secondary Analysis.Journal of midwifery & women's healthTrial
- Context Factors Associated with Medication Adherence Among Thai Adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder.Patient preference and adherence · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of moisturising therapy in treating nipple trauma: a systematic review protocol.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Retention and the Intersection of Structural Inequities in a Breastfeeding Intervention Study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- The prevalence of breastfeeding aversion response in Australia: A national cross-sectional survey.Maternal & child nutrition · 2023Article
- Application of Traditional Chinese Medical Science Characteristic Nursing Mode Based on Evidence-Based Medicine to Puerperal Breast Tenderness and Pain.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Article
- Remote Diagnosis System of Uremia Complicated with Sleep Disorder and Effectiveness of Nursing Intervention.Contrast media & molecular imaging · 2021Article
- Post-breastfeeding stress response and breastfeeding self-efficacy as modifiable predictors of exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months postpartum: a prospective cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOver 90% of women experience pain during breastfeeding initiation and lack strategies to self-manage breast and nipple pain. Guided by the Individual and Family Self-Management Theory, a breastfeeding self-management (BSM) intervention targeted women's knowledge, beliefs, and social facilitation to manage their breast and nipple pain and achieve their breastfeeding goals.
objectivesThe purpose of this longitudinal pilot randomized control trial (RCT) was to test the preliminary efficacy of the BSM intervention on general and specific pain related to breastfeeding.
methodsSixty women intending to breastfeed were approached within 48 hours of delivery to participate in this pilot RCT (30 randomized to the BSM intervention and 30 randomized to the control group). All participants provided baseline data before discharge and pain and breastfeeding measures at 1, 2, and 6 weeks. Participants in the BSM intervention group received educational modules addressing breast and nipple pain and biweekly, text-based nurse coaching and completed a daily breastfeeding journal.
resultsWomen in the BSM intervention group reported significantly less breast and nipple pain at 1 and 2 weeks using a visual analog scale (p < .014 and p < .006) and at 2 weeks using the Brief Pain Inventory intensity scale (p < .029), but no difference in breastfeeding duration. DISCUSSION: The BSM intervention pilot demonstrates a positive effect on breastfeeding specific and overall generalized pain. Future investigation is needed to identify at-risk women of ongoing breastfeeding pain and develop precision interventions to sustain this beneficial health behavior for mothers and infants.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.