ReviewLaryngoscope investigative otolaryngology2019
Palatal anatomy for sleep apnea surgery.
Review in Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07723144 (Identification of Biomarkers to Understand the Pathogenesis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.), which is not on this map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Identification of Biomarkers to Understand the Pathogenesis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Airway Anatomy and Surgical Management in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.Clinical and experimental otorhinolaryngology · 2026Review
- Soft-Palate Changes After Orthognathic Surgery: A Three-Dimensional Assessment of Positioning and Morphology.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- Posterior Pillar Hypertrophy as a Novel Anatomical Predictor of Surgical Success in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.Clinical and experimental otorhinolaryngology · 2026Article
- [Application of palatopharyngeal arch staging system in assessing the severity of obstructive sleep apnea and airway collapse].Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery · 2025Article
- Ansa cervicalis stimulation effects on upper airway patency: a structure-based analysis.The European respiratory journal · 2025Article
- Barbed Pharyngoplasty simulation using a 3D-printed model: design and validation study.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2024Article
- Palate Shape, Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy Findings, and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Pharyngeal Surgery Outcomes.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2024Article
- Consensus Statements among European Sleep Surgery Experts on Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Part 2 Decision-Making in Surgical Management and Peri-Operative Considerations.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- A Systematic Review of the Use of Intraoral Scanning for Human Identification Based on Palatal Morphology.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Palate shape is associated with Unilateral Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation Outcomes.The Laryngoscope · 2024Article
- A Critical Analysis of Pharyngeal Patterns of Collapse in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Beyond the Endoscopic Classification Systems.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Early-onset pharyngeal airway collapse in infants: a retrospective single-center study.BMC pediatrics · 2023Article
- International Consensus Statement on Obstructive Sleep Apnea.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2023Review
- Palatopharyngeal Arch Staging System (PASS): Consensus about Oropharyngeal Evaluation.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Potential Diagnostic and Monitoring Biomarkers of Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Role of functional and anatomic study in sleep endoscopy for treatment of OSA.Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale · 2022Article
- Surgical anatomy of the lingual nerve for palate surgery: where is located and how to avoid it.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2022Article
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Role of the Diaphragm.Cureus · 2022Review
- A Pharyngoplasty with a Dorsal Palatal Flap Expansion: The Evaluation of a Modified Surgical Treatment Method for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome-A Preliminary Report.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- OSA Upper Airways Surgery: A Targeted Approach.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The goal of this review is to advance the understanding of the muscular and soft tissue palatal anatomy as it relates to palatal surgery for sleep apnea and the phenotypic variations that generate the shape and collapsibility of the retropalatal airway. Anatomically, the soft palate has both a proximal and distal segments separated by the palatal genu. The proximal palatal segment has a variable angle from the hard palate (ie, alpha angle) determined by the position and length of the levator veli palatini muscle. The palatopharyngeus muscle (PP) is a major defining element of the palate and lateral pharyngeal wall and forms the medial wall of the lateral palatal space. It is composed of two divisions: the longitudinal palatopharyngeus fasciculi which acts to elevate the pharynx and depress the soft palate and the transverse palatopharyngeus fascicle (Passavant's ridge) which function is a nasopharyngeal sphincter. The lateral palatal space incorporates the supra-tonsilar fat, and is bounded by muscles that determine the structure of the palate and associated lateral pharyngeal walls. Understanding of palatal muscles and pharyngeal airway phenotypes provides insight into the steps and mechanisms of pharyngoplasty procedures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: N/A.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.