ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2019
Medicaid trends in prescription opioid and non-opioid use by HIV status.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Progress in Pathological and Therapeutic Research of HIV-Related Neuropathic Pain.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- Prescription opioid use and opioid use disorder among older adults with HIV in the USA from 2008 to 2021: a retrospective repeated cross-sectional study.The Lancet. Primary care · 2025Article
- Medicaid expansion is not associated with prescription opioid and benzodiazepine misuse among people who inject drugs: A serial cross-sectional observational study using generalized difference-in-differences models.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Observational
- The single-cell opioid responses in the context of HIV (SCORCH) consortium.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- Incarceration history and opioid use among adults living with HIV and chronic pain: a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study.Health & justice · 2024Article
- Psychological Distress Mediates the Relationship Between HIV-Related Stigma and Prescription Opioid Misuse Among Chinese People Living with HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Opioid misuse among people with HIV: results from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) 2015-2019.Pain management · 2024Article
- Strategies Used to Manage Chronic Pain in HIV-Disease: Comparing Persons Prescribed Opioids Versus Persons not Receiving Opioids.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Past-year medical and non-medical opioid use by HIV status in a nationally representative US sample: Implications for HIV and substance use service integration.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2023Article
- Patterns in Nonopioid Pain Medication Prescribing After the Release of the 2016 Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Article
- Poor quality of life and incomplete self-reported adherence predict second-line ART virological failure in resource-limited settings.AIDS care · 2021Article
- Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are Critical for Morphine Exacerbation of HIV-1 gp120-Induced Pain.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2021Article
- Predictors of chronic opioid therapy in Medicaid beneficiaries with HIV who initiated antiretroviral therapy.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Chronic High Risk Prescription Opioid Use Among Persons With HIV.Frontiers in sociology · 2021Article
- Effect of Opioid Use on Immune Activation and HIV Persistence on ART.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2020Review
- Association Between Diagnoses of Chronic Noncancer Pain, Substance Use Disorder, and HIV-Related Outcomes in People Living With HIV.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPain is more common among people living with HIV (PLWH) than their counterparts; however, it is unclear whether analgesic use differs by HIV status.
methodsWe analyzed Medicaid pharmacy claims from adults in 14 US states from 2001 to 2009 to identify opioid and non-opioid analgesic prescriptions and compared prescribing trends by HIV status. We accounted for clinical and demographic differences by using inverse probability weights and by restricting the sample to a subgroup with a common comorbidity, diabetes, chosen for its high prevalence and association with lifestyle and chronic pain. We estimated the incidence of chronic opioid therapy (COT) (≥90 consecutive days with an opioid prescription) among opioid-naïve individuals.
resultsRates of opioid and non-opioid use increased approximately two-fold from 2001 to 2009. PLWH received approximately twice as many prescriptions as those without HIV. In an unadjusted Cox regression, PLWH were three times more likely to receive COT compared to those without HIV (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.06, 95% CI 2.76-3.39). When restricting to patients with diabetes and adjusting for age, sex, state, comorbidity score, depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, the HR decreased to 1.26 (95% CI 0.97-1.63).
conclusionsHigher opioid use among PLWH was largely a function of patients' demographic characteristics and health status. The high incidence of COT among PLWH underscores the importance of practice guidelines that minimize adverse events associated with opioid use.
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