Trial reportCerebellum (London, England)2019
Cerebellar Theta Frequency Transcranial Pulsed Stimulation Increases Frontal Theta Oscillations in Patients with Schizophrenia.
Trial report in Cerebellum (London, England), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combined Use of Electroencephalography and Transcranial Electrical Stimulation: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Cerebellar stimulation in schizophrenia: A systematic review of the evidence and an overview of the methods.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Communication between the medial frontal cortex and mediodorsal thalamus is required for timing performance in rats.Neurobiology of learning and memory · 2026Article
- A double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial of cerebellar intermittent theta burst stimulation for bipolar disorder: Safety, tolerability, mood and cognitive effects.Transcranial magnetic stimulation (2024) · 2025Article
- New clues for the role of cerebellum in schizophrenia and the associated cognitive impairment.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Supra-second interval timing in bipolar disorder: examining the role of disorder sub-type, mood, and medication status.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2023Article
- Supra-second interval timing in bipolar disorder: examining the role of disorder sub-type, mood, and medication status.Research square · 2023Article
- Cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation in psychotic disorders: intermittent, continuous, and sham theta-burst stimulation on time perception and symptom severity.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Consensus Paper: Novel Directions and Next Steps of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation of the Cerebellum in Health and Disease.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2022Article
- Cerebellar Structure and Cognitive Ability in Psychosis.Biological psychiatry · 2022Article
- Interval timing and midfrontal delta oscillations are impaired in Parkinson's disease patients with freezing of gait.Journal of neurology · 2022Article
- Temporal scaling and computing time in neural circuits: Should we stop watching the clock and look for its gears?Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Article
- Relationships between Freezing of Gait Severity and Cognitive Deficits in Parkinson's Disease.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Digital Technologies for Schizophrenia Management: A Descriptive Review.Science and engineering ethics · 2021Review
- Cerebellar Coordination of Neuronal Communication in Cerebral Cortex.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2021Article
- Systemic Review on Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Parameters and EEG/fNIRS Features for Brain Diseases.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Review
- Frontal theta and beta oscillations during lower-limb movement in Parkinson's disease.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2020Article
- Cortical Plasticity Induced by Anodal Transcranial Pulsed Current Stimulation Investigated by Combining Two-Photon Imaging and Electrophysiological Recording.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is a pervasive and disabling aspect of schizophrenia without adequate treatments. A recognized correlate to cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia is attenuated frontal theta oscillations. Neuromodulation to normalize these frontal rhythms represents a potential novel therapeutic strategy. Here, we evaluate whether noninvasive neuromodulation of the cerebellum in patients with schizophrenia can enhance frontal theta oscillations, with the future goal of targeting the cerebellum as a possible therapy for cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. We stimulated the midline cerebellum using transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS), a noninvasive transcranial direct current that can be delivered in a frequency-specific manner. A single 20-min session of theta frequency stimulation was delivered in nine patients with schizophrenia (cathode on right shoulder). Delta frequency tPCS was also delivered as a control to evaluate for frequency-specific effects. EEG signals from midfrontal electrode Cz were analyzed before and after cerebellar tPCS while patients estimated the passage of 3- and 12-s intervals. Theta oscillations were significantly larger following theta frequency cerebellar tPCS in the midfrontal region, which was not seen with delta frequency stimulation. As previously reported, patients with schizophrenia showed a baseline reduction in accuracy estimating 3- and 12-s intervals relative to control subjects, which did not significantly improve following a single-session theta or delta frequency cerebellar tPCS. These preliminary results suggest that single-session theta frequency cerebellar tPCS may modulate task-related oscillatory activity in the frontal cortex in a frequency-specific manner. These preliminary findings warrant further investigation to evaluate whether multiple sessions delivered daily may have an impact on cognitive performance and have therapeutic implications for schizophrenia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.