ArticleClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2019
Glioblastoma-Derived IL6 Induces Immunosuppressive Peripheral Myeloid Cell PD-L1 and Promotes Tumor Growth.
Article in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 141 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
141 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 213 citations in OpenAlex.
- mRNA markers for survival prediction in glioblastoma multiforme patients: a systematic review with bioinformatic analyses.BMC cancer · 2024Pooled it
- Epigenetic Underpinnings of Inflammation: A Key to Unlock the Tumor Microenvironment in Glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Durvalumab versus Physician's Choice Chemotherapy in Recurrent Ovarian Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma (MOCCA/APGOT-OV2/GCGS-OV3): A Multicenter, Randomized, Phase 2 Trial.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Trial
- Transcriptomic Correlates of Tumor Cell PD-L1 Expression and Response to Nivolumab Monotherapy in Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2022Trial
- Article
- In Vitro Effects of an Olive Polyphenol-Bromelain Formulation on U87MG Glioblastoma Cells: Viability, Cell-Cycle Distribution, Cytokine Release, and Total Antioxidant Capacity.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Crosslink Between Neuroinflammation and Oxidative/Nitrosative Status in the Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment: Prognostic and Theranostic Impact.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026Article
- Regulation of immune checkpoint molecules in cancer immune evasion and therapy.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- IL6 Supports Development of an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment and Resistance to Therapy in Glioblastoma.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Review
- 5-ALA Photodynamic Therapy Induces Competing Death and Survival Pathways in Glioblastoma Cells.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Role of CSF interleukin-6 in the prognosis of patients with Leptomeningeal metastases of glioblastoma.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Organoids to Model Tumor Microenvironment in Progression of Pathogenesis and Treatment Resistance in Glioblastoma Multiforme.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Targeting immunosuppressive network in glioblastoma: Emerging strategies to overcome immunodeficiency and enhance therapeutic efficacy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Dissecting glioblastoma risk signatures in the tumor immune microenvironment based on multi-dimensional transcriptomics.GigaScience · 2026Article
- Targeted lungScience advances · 2026Article
- Glioblastoma as a neuro-immune network disorder: rethinking the tumor microenvironment, neural circuit integration, and therapeutic resistance.Oncology reviews · 2026Review
- Next-generation immunotherapy biologics for glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunomodulatory properties of human dental pulp stromal cells: the role of IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway and PD-L1.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Reversing chemoresistance in ovarian cancer: network pharmacology reveals how hydroxychloroquine/sulfasalazine duotherapy remodels tumor inflammatory-immune microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
81 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeUpregulation of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on circulating and tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells is a critical component of GBM-mediated immunosuppression that has been associated with diminished response to vaccine immunotherapy and poor survival. Although GBM-derived soluble factors have been implicated in myeloid PD-L1 expression, the identity of such factors has remained unknown. This study aimed to identify factors responsible for myeloid PD-L1 upregulation as potential targets for immune modulation. EXPERIMENTAL
designConditioned media from patient-derived GBM explant cell cultures was assessed for cytokine expression and utilized to stimulate naïve myeloid cells. Myeloid PD-L1 induction was quantified by flow cytometry. Candidate cytokines correlated with PD-L1 induction were evaluated in tumor sections and plasma for relationships with survival and myeloid PD-L1 expression. The role of identified cytokines on immunosuppression and survival was investigated
resultsGBM-derived IL6 was identified as a cytokine that is necessary and sufficient for myeloid PD-L1 induction in GBM through a STAT3-dependent mechanism. Inhibition of IL6 signaling in orthotopic murine glioma models was associated with reduced myeloid PD-L1 expression, diminished tumor growth, and increased survival. The therapeutic benefit of anti-IL6 therapy proved to be CD8
conclusionsOur findings suggest that disruption of IL6 signaling in GBM reduces local and systemic myeloid-driven immunosuppression and enhances immune-mediated antitumor responses against GBM.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.