Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30824227›Full record

ReviewTrends in cognitive sciences2019

Holistic Reinforcement Learning: The Role of Structure and Attention.

Angela Radulescu, Yael Niv, Ian Ballard

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Trends in cognitive sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
54citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

54 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Feasible cognition requires latent state.Biological cybernetics · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
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  6. Article
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  8. Article
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  12. Review
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  14. Review
  15. Contributions of Attention to Learning in Multidimensional Reward Environments.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  16. Semantic Anchors Facilitate Task Encoding in Continual Learning.Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science · 2025
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. The cognitive (lateral) hypothalamus.Trends in cognitive sciences · 2024
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Angela RadulescuPsychology Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA; Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
Yael NivPsychology Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA; Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
Ian BallardHelen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA. Electronic address: iancballard@gmail.com.

Funding

Working Memory and Prefrontal CortexR01MH063901 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI D'ESPOSITO, MARK · 2001 to 2022
$7.6M
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH063901
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Compact representations of the environment allow humans to behave efficiently in a complex world. Reinforcement learning models capture many behavioral and neural effects but do not explain recent findings showing that structure in the environment influences learning. In parallel, Bayesian cognitive models predict how humans learn structured knowledge but do not have a clear neurobiological implementation. We propose an integration of these two model classes in which structured knowledge learned via approximate Bayesian inference acts as a source of selective attention. In turn, selective attention biases reinforcement learning towards relevant dimensions of the environment. An understanding of structure learning will help to resolve the fundamental challenge in decision science: explaining why people make the decisions they do.

Indexed as

Models, BiologicalReinforcement, PsychologyAttentionDecision MakingHumansapproximate inferenceBayesian inferencecategory learningcorticostriatal circuitsdopaminerepresentation learningrule learningstriatum

Identifiers

PMID30824227
PMCPMC6472955

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.