ArticleNutrients2019
Types of Carbohydrates Intake during Pregnancy and Frequency of a Small for Gestational Age Newborn: A Case-Control Study.
Article in Nutrients, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Is Maternal Carbohydrate Intake Having an Impact on Newborn Birth Weight? A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Maternal Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods-Rich Diet and Perinatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Ultra-processed food consumption across early life: implications for pediatric health and disease risk.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- The consequences of ultra-processed foods on brain development during prenatal, adolescent and adult stages.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- Differential dietary intake and contribution of ultra-processed foods during pregnancy according to nutritional status.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Ultra-Processed Food Consumption during Pregnancy and Its Association with Maternal Oxidative Stress Markers.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Grain consumption before and during pregnancy and birth weight in Japan: the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between consumption of different types of carbohydrates (CHO) during pregnancy and the risk of having a small for gestational age (SGA) newborn. A retrospective matched case⁻control design was carried out with a total of 518 mother-offspring pairs. A total of 137 validated items were included in the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate crude odds ratios (cORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Having more than 75 g/day of brown bread showed an inverse association with SGA (aOR = 0.64, CI 0.43⁻0.96). In contrast, an intake of industrial sweets more than once a day (aOR = 2.70, CI 1.42⁻5.13), or even 2⁻6 times a week (aOR = 1.84, CI 1.20⁻2.82), increased the odds of having a SGA newborn. During pregnancy, the higher the increase of wholegrain cereal and bread, the lower the possibility of having a SGA newborn, but the opposite occurred with refined sugar products-just consuming industrial bakery products or pastries twice a week increased the odds of having an SGA infant. Case⁻control studies cannot verify causality and only show associations, which may reflect residual confusion due to the presence of unknown factors. It is possible that a high consumption of sugary foods is a marker of a generally poor lifestyle.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.