ArticleEnvironment international2019
Ingested nitrate, disinfection by-products, and risk of colon and rectal cancers in the Iowa Women's Health Study cohort.
Article in Environment international, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exposure to Drinking Water Trihalomethanes and Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Epidemiologic Evidence and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Health effects associated with consumption of unprocessed red meat: a Burden of Proof study.Nature medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Association between Dietary Nitrate, Nitrite Intake, and Site-Specific Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Monitoring and health risk assessment of disinfection byproducts in drinking water in Chengdu, China, 2023-2025.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Ingested nitrate and nitrite, drinking water disinfection by-products, and incidence of thyroid cancer among licensed pesticide applicators and spouses in the Agricultural Health Study.Ecotoxicology and environmental safety · 2026Article
- Association of dietary nitrate and nitrite from plant sources with digestive system cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrition & metabolism · 2025Review
- Disinfection byproducts in US drinking water and cancer mortality.International journal of environmental health research · 2025Article
- Quantitative Evaluation of Regulatory Indicators for Brominated Haloacetic Acids in Drinking Water.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Effects of Animal-Based and Plant-Based Nitrates and Nitrites on Human Health: Beyond Nitric Oxide Production.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Invited Perspective: Drinking Water Disinfection By-Products and Cancer-A Historical Perspective.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- US drinking water quality: exposure risk profiles for seven legacy and emerging contaminants.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2024Review
- Disinfection by-products in drinking water and risk of colorectal cancer: a population-based cohort study.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2023Article
- Metabolomic Signatures of Exposure to Nitrate and Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water and Colorectal Cancer Risk in a Spanish Multicentric Study (MCC-Spain).Environmental science & technology · 2023Article
- Research Recommendations for Selected IARC-Classified Agents: Impact and Lessons Learned.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Review
- Invited Perspective: How Far Have We Come? Revisiting a 2009 Report on Occupational Cancer Research Recommendations.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Review
- Bromoform exposure is associated with non-melanoma skin cancer: evidence from NHANES 2011-2020.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Effects of prenatal and lactational exposure to iodoacetic acid on the F1 generation of mice†.Biology of reproduction · 2022Article
- Iodoacetic acid exposure alters the transcriptome in mouse ovarian antral follicles.Journal of environmental sciences (China) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundN-nitroso compounds (NOC) formed endogenously after nitrate/nitrite ingestion and disinfection by-products (DBPs) are suspected colorectal carcinogens, but epidemiologic evidence of these associations is limited.
objectivesWe investigated the relationship between drinking water exposures and incident colorectal cancers in a cohort of postmenopausal women.
methodsUsing historical nitrate-nitrogen (NO
resultsWe identified 624 colon and 158 rectal cancers (1986-2010) among 15,910 women reporting PWS use >10 years. Ingestion of NO
conclusionsOur results suggest that exposure to TTHM in drinking water is associated with increased risk of rectal cancer. Positive findings for individual THMs and HAAs for both colon and rectal cancers require replication in other studies. We found no associations for nitrate overall or in subgroups with presumed higher NOC exposure.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.