ReviewBirth defects research2019
Prenatal diagnosis and management of congenital complete heart block.
Review in Birth defects research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Perinatal management and delivery-room stabilization in congenital complete heart block: an 11-year experience at a tertiary center.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Ambulatory Fetal Heart Rate and Rhythm Monitoring for Pregnancies at Risk for Fetal Arrhythmias: Perspectives from the Fetal Heart Society.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Review
- Dual-chamber epicardial pacing in preterm and low birth weight infants with congenital complete atrioventricular block: a staged approach.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2026Article
- Hope in Miniature: The First Case of Implantation of a "Tiny Pacemaker" in Italy as a Successful Treatment for Congenital Atrioventricular Block in a Low Birth Weight Child.Case reports in cardiology · 2026Article
- Complete Heart Block in the Fetus: An Antenatal Complication of Sjögren's Syndrome.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Fetal Congenital Complete Heart Block: 2 Success Stories Through Multidisciplinary Care.JACC. Case reports · 2025Article
- Intrauterine Diagnosis and Treatment of High-Grade Atrioventricular Block: A Case Series and Literature Review.Clinical case reports · 2025Article
- Development of a Z-score equation for atrioventricular interval measurement by two-dimensional pulsed Doppler echocardiography in normal fetuses between 16 and 33+6 weeks of gestation.Ultrasonography (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Article
- Late outcomes of congenital and childhood non-immune, isolated atrioventricular block: a French nationwide retrospective cohort study.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2025Article
- Diagnosis and Management of Fetal Arrhythmias in the Current Era.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2024Review
- A novel miniaturized adult pacemaker system for small neonates with congenital heart block.JTCVS techniques · 2024Article
- Navigating the Complexity: A Comprehensive Review of Managing Pregnancy in Complete Heart Block Cases.Cureus · 2023Review
- Neonatal lupus erythematosus manifested as a complete heart block: A case report.Clinical case reports · 2023Article
- Fetal Congenital Complete Heart Block: A Rare Case with an Extremely Low Ventricular Rate and Review of Current Management Strategies.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Management of Complete Heart Block in a Pregnant Woman with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Associated Complications: Treatment Considerations and Pitfalls.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
- Sjögren's syndrome.Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG · 2022Article
- Pregnancy and Autoimmune Disease.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2022Review
- Third Trimester Fetal Heart Rates in Antibody-Mediated Complete Heart Block Predict Need for Neonatal Pacemaker Placement.Pediatric cardiology · 2022Article
- Fetal heart rate tracing interpretation in cases of fetal heart block: A case series.Clinical case reports · 2022Article
- Prenatal Management Strategy for Immune-Associated Congenital Heart Block in Fetuses.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Congenital complete heart block (CCHB) is a life-threatening medical condition in the unborn fetus with insufficiently validated prenatal interventions. Maternal administration of medications aimed at decreasing the immune response in the fetus and beta-agonists intended to increase fetal cardiac output have shown only marginal benefits. Anti-inflammatory therapies cannot reverse CCHB, but may decrease myocarditis and improve heart function. Advances in prenatal diagnosis and use of strict surveillance protocols for delivery timing have demonstrated small improvements in morbidity and mortality. Ambulatory surveillance programs and wearable fetal heart rate monitors may afford early identification of evolving fetal heart block allowing for emergent treatment. There is also preliminary data suggesting a roll for prevention of CCHB with hydroxychloroquine, but the efficacy and safety is still being studied. To date, intrauterine fetal pacing has not been successful due to the high-risk invasive placement techniques and potential problems with lead dislodgement. The development of a fully implantable micropacemaker via a minimally invasive approach has the potential to pace fetal patients with CCHB and thus delay delivery and allow fetal hydrops to resolve. The challenge remains to establish accepted prenatal interventions capable of successfully managing CCHB in utero until postnatal pacemaker placement is successfully achieved.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.